Development of miracle medicines from sialic acids

Sialic acids are electronegatively charged C9-sugars and are considered to play important roles in higher animals and some microorganisms. Denoting their significance, understanding and exploiting the complexity of the sialic acids has been referred to as the “the third language of life”. In essence, “sialic acid derivatives possess a harmonious shape and good balance between two opposing hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, meaning that they should display various kinds of potentially unique and possibly conflicting physiological activities (glycolipoids)”. Consequently, there are good omens that unprecedented ‘miracle’ medicines could be developed from sialic acid derivatives. In this review, the first problem, the preparation of sialic acids, is covered, the synthesis of sialic acid derivatives and confirmation of their structures obviously being of critical significance. In addition we needed to confirm their precise stereochemistry and a hydrolysis method has been developed for confirmation of the anomeric position. Several of the compounds have already demonstrated interesting bioactivity

Phospholipase A 2

Phospholipases represent one of the earliest enzyme activities to be identified and studied, and the phospholipase A2 superfamily traces its roots to the identification of lytic actions of snake venom at the end of the 19th century. Both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions contribute to the interfacial binding of sPLA2 to anionic phospholipid membranes. The interaction between basic residues on the binding surface with anionic vesicles plays an important role in interfacial binding. The major functions will be summarized below and include the ability to kill Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, thereby affecting host defense against bacterial infections. sPLA2 may be involved in the pathogensis of inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. GIIA sPLA2 protein and mRNA were detected in Paneth cells of the small intestinal mucosa in the intestine in Crohn's disease patients