Thermal Stress Slip Flow Induced in Rarefied Gas between Noncoaxial Circular Cylinders

The behavior of a slightly rarefied gas between noncoaxial circular cylinders with different temperatures is investigated by the generalized slip flow theory, which is derived systematically from the Boltzmann equation. When the temperature of the inner cylinder is higher than that of the outer, a flow is induced in the gas toward the narrower region along the inner cylinder and toward the wider along the outer, and the inner cylinder is subject to a force toward the axis of the outer cylinder. In the opposite case, the flow and the force are reversed. The corresponding results for the system where a cylinder lies in a semi-infinite expanse of the gas bounded by an infinite plane wall are derived as the limiting case where the radius of the outer cylinder tends to infinity

Relation between Surface Appearance and Coefficient of Friction in Compressive Deformation of Metals

The compression test was performed on aluminium, copper, mild steel, stainless steel and aluminium single crystal by using various lubricants. The following results were obtained from the relationship between the microscope pattern of the compressed surface and the frictional coefficient : (1) The surface pattern of the plate after rolling is similar to that of the specimen after compression. (2) In the case of a large frictional coefficient, a glossy surface appears in the specimen in which a greater part of the surface is in contact with tools. In the case of a small frictional coefficient, a dull face having a rugged surface of a few microns in depth appears. It seems likely that there is a fluid film in the sinks. (3) In the 60% deformation of the various materials by using palm oil as a lubricant, the ratio of the surface covered by the fluid film to the total friction surface is 75～85% for aluminium or copper and about 10% for stainless steel. (4) From the compression test it is conceivable that there are deformation bands in the rugged surface of the dull face, which the lubricants fill. This phenomenon may be one of the great differences between the sliding friction and the compression deformation

Three-dimensional imaging of laser imploded targets

Copyright 1990 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Journal of Applied Physics, 68(4), 1483-1488, 1990 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34667

Associations between Dietary Patterns, ADRβ2 Gln27Glu and ADRβ3 Trp64Arg with Regard to Serum Triglyceride Levels : J-MICC Study

Interactions between dietary patterns and 2 β-adrenergic receptor (ADRβ) gene polymorphisms (ADRβ2 Gln27Glu and ADRβ3 Trp64Arg) were examined with regard to the effects on serum triglyceride levels. The cross-sectional study comprised 1720 men and women (aged 35–69 years) enrolled in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study. Genotyping was conducted using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based invader assay. We used 46 items from a validated short food frequency questionnaire and examined major dietary patterns by factor analysis. We identified four dietary patterns: healthy, Western, seafood and bread patterns. There was no significant association between any dietary pattern and serum triglyceride levels. After a separate genotype-based analysis, significant interactions between ADRβ3 Trp64Arg genotype and the bread pattern (p for interaction = 0.01) were associated with serum triglyceride levels; specifically, after adjusting for confounding factors, Arg allele carriers with the bread pattern had lower serum triglycerides (p for trend = 0.01). However, the Trp/Trp homozygous subjects with the bread pattern showed no association with serum triglycerides (p for trend = 0.55). Interactions between other dietary patterns and ADRβ polymorphisms were not significant for serum triglyceride levels. Our findings suggest that ADRβ3 polymorphism modifies the effects of the bread pattern on triglyceride levels

Genetic variants of SLC17A1 are associated with cholesterol homeostasis and hyperhomocysteinaemia in Japanese men

Hyperuricaemia is an undisputed and highly predictive biomarker for cardiovascular risk. SLC17A1, expressed in the liver and kidneys, harbours potent candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms that decrease uric acid levels. Therefore, we examined SLC17A1 polymorphisms (rs1165196, rs1179086 and rs3757131), which might suppress cardiovascular risk factors and that are involved in liver functioning, via a large-scale pooled analysis of the Japanese general population in a cross-sectional study. Using data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study, we identified 1842 participants of both sexes, 35–69-years-old, having the requisite data and analysed their SLC17A1 genotypes. In men, logistic regression analyses revealed that minor alleles in SLC17A1 polymorphisms (rs1165196 and rs3757131) were associated with a low-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio >2.0 (rs1165196: odds ratio [OR], 0.703; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.536–0.922; rs3757131: OR, 0.658; 95% CI, 0.500–0.866) and with homocysteine levels of >10.0 nmol/mL (rs1165196: OR, 0.544; 95% CI, 0.374–0.792; rs3757131: OR, 0.509; 95% CI, 0.347–0.746). Therefore, these polymorphisms had dominant negative effects on cholesterol homeostasis and hyperhomocysteinaemia, in men, independent of alcohol consumption, physical activity, or daily energy and nutrition intake. Thus, genetic variants of SLC17A1 are potential biomarkers for altered cholesterol homeostasis and hyperhomocysteinaemia in Japanese men

Alcohol Intake and Serum Lipids–Genetic Modification

Background: Although beneficial associations have been reported between moderate alcohol intake and the serum lipid profile, it is unclear whether polymorphisms in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes can modify these associations. Here, we assessed the effects of ADH1B His48Arg (rs1229984), ALDH2 Glu504Lys (rs671), and their combination on these associations. Furthermore, we examined if the findings for ALDH2 could be replicated. Methods: We categorized 889 male participants in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study into two groups based on presence or absence of minor allele(s) or four groups based on genotype combinations. We performed regression analyses of serum lipid concentrations on alcohol intake, with multivariable adjustment. The replication study was conducted among 2,562 men in the Shizuoka part of the J-MICC Study. Results: The ALDH2 Glu/Lys or Lys/Lys groups showed significant decreases in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with increasing alcohol consumption; the coefficient per intake increase of 10 g/day was −2.49 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], −3.85 to −1.13), and a significant interaction with the polymorphism was confirmed (P for interaction = 0.006). This inverse correlation was more evident among the ADH1B His/His + ALDH2 Glu/Lys or Lys/Lys groups (−3.24 mg/dL, 95% CI, −5.03 to −1.45). Serum triglycerides were positively associated with alcohol consumption in the ADH1B His/His group (P for interaction = 0.020). The stronger association between serum LDL cholesterol and alcohol consumption in the ALDH2 Glu/Lys or Lys/Lys groups was replicated. Conclusions: The ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism can modify the association between alcohol intake and serum LDL cholesterol in Japanese men

A System for Worldwide COVID-19 Information Aggregation

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has made the public pay close attention to related news, covering various domains, such as sanitation, treatment, and effects on education. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 condition is very different among the countries (e.g., policies and development of the epidemic), and thus citizens would be interested in news in foreign countries. We build a system for worldwide COVID-19 information aggregation (http://lotus.kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NLPforCOVID-19 ) containing reliable articles from 10 regions in 7 languages sorted by topics for Japanese citizens. Our reliable COVID-19 related website dataset collected through crowdsourcing ensures the quality of the articles. A neural machine translation module translates articles in other languages into Japanese. A BERT-based topic-classifier trained on an article-topic pair dataset helps users find their interested information efficiently by putting articles into different categories.Comment: Poster on NLP COVID-19 Workshop at ACL 2020, 4 pages, 3 figures, 7 table