The Contributing Factors to Injury\u27s Length of Stay in Hospital Among Productive Age Workers in Indonesia

Background: Injury is one of the factors that contribute to health problems and disabilities. In Indonesia, the data oninjury and its impact are still limited and only focus on formal workers. Methods: This research aimed to describe thecharacteristics of injury by occupation and to identify factors contributed to severity (length of stay in hospital) amongproductive age workers in Indonesia, using the data of National Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013. Results: We analyzed30.455 data using complex samples at 95% confi dence level. People worked as farmer, fi sherman, labor, entrepreneur,and others had more injuries in 12 months than employee (p = 0.0001). Non traffi c accident as cause of injury was alsohigher in those group of occupations than employee (p = 0.0001). The contributing factors of length of stay in hospital werethe injury with concussion (OR 23.1; 95% CI 9.2–58.1 p = 0.0001), fractures (OR 6.3; 95%CI 4.6–8.6 p = 0.0001), eyeinjury (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.2–7.3 p = 0.0001), followed by road traffi c accident (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5–2.9 p = 0.0001), andinjury occurred in the business/industry/construction/farm area (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.4 p = 0.006). Conclusion: Factorsthat contributed to the length of stay in hospital of the injury were the type of injury, cause of injury, and the area of injury.Recommendation: Efforts to overcome the injury need to be improved, especially for traffi c accidents and injury in thebusiness/industry/construction/farm area

Hubungan Antara Faktor Trauma Tumpul Pada Mata Dengan Katarak Pada Petani Di Empat Desa Kecamatan Teluk Jambe Barat Kabupaten Karawang

Eye injury can be caused by several kinds of objects, can cause pain, decrease of eye equity and cataract formation in affected eye. PURPOSES. To identify the kind of eye injury and to analyze between the blunt eye injury and cataract among agriculture farmers in 4 villages at Teluk Jambe Barat, Karawang Sub district. METHODS. A cross sectional designed study was done, with 1223 samples aged 30 years and up, selected purposively among agriculture farmers in 4 villages. Data collection was done through interview and examination. The history of eye injury that influenced eye equity can be had from interview. The cataract was diagnosed through ophthalmoscope examination without midriatic by ophthalmologists. RESULTS. The sample that fulfilled research criteria\u27s were 1223 persons. From 1223 person, 34 (2.8%) persons had blunt eye injury in the past. Another eye injures were caused by sharp objects 80 (6.5%), particle of objects 72 (5.9%), chemicals 15 (1.2%), and heat 5 (0.4%). Percentage of the blunt eye injury was higher in male than female (OR 4.41 95%CI: 1.82-10.74 p=0.0001). Although cataract percentage was higher among person who had the blunt eye injury than the person never had the blunt eye injury, but insignificantly related (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Working with some objects in workplace need caution, because those objects would be harmful to the eye

Praktek Pencegahan Penyakit Menular dan Faktor yang Berperan pada Pekerja Laboratorium Puskesmas di Tiga Provinsi di Indonesia, Tahun 2012

Laboratorium merupakan salah satu lokasi kerja di pelayanan kesehatan yang memberikan risiko lebih tinggi untuk terpapar kuman TB lebih tinggi dibandingkan ruang kerja lainnya. Kewaspadaan dan perilaku pencegahan penyakit menular terutama TB pada pekerja laboratorium sangat perlu diperhatikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi praktek pencegahan penyakit menular dan faktor yang berperan pada pekerja laboratorium di tiga provinsi di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan secara potong lintang, pada 60 pekerja laboratorium yang bertugas di 50 Puskesmas (Puskesmas rujukan mikroskopis/PRM dan Puskesmas pelaksana mandiri/PPM) di Provinsi Banten, Provinsi Gorontalo, dan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan observasi, pada tahun 2012. Praktek pencegahan penyakit menular ditentukan berdasarkan 14 pertanyaan. Hanya 40% dari 60 pekerja laboratorium yang baik dalam praktek pencegahan penyakit menular saat bekerja di laboratorium. Pekerja dari Puskesmas di Provinsi Banten berpeluang 4,2 kali lebih banyak untuk baik dalam praktek pencegahan penyakit menular dibandingkan dengan pekerjadari Puskesmas di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan (p=0,03 OR 4,21; 95%CI 1,14-15,47). Pekerja dari Puskesmas di Provinsi Gorontalo tidak berbeda dengan pekerja dari Puskesmas di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan dalam praktek pencegahan penyakit menular (p=0,08 OR 5,51; 95%CI 0,83-36,73). Faktor lama kerja dan jenis Puskesmas merupakan faktor perancu terhadap hubungan antara lokasi provinsi pekerja laboratorium dengan praktek pencegahan penyakit menular (p>0,05). Lokasi provinsi dimana Puskesmas berada merupakan faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap praktek pencegahan penyakit menular.Kata Kunci : pekerja laboratorium, Puskesmas, pencegahan penyakit menular AbstractLaboratory is one of the health care locations with higher risk for tuberculose infection (TB) than other workplaces. Awareness and infectious disease prevention practice of the laboratory workers should be encouraged. This study aimed to identify the infectious disease prevention practice and related factors of laboratory workers, in three provinces in Indonesia. A cross sectional study was conducted in Banten Province, Gorontalo Province, and South Kalimantan Province in 2012. Data were collected by interviewing 60 laboratory workers from 50 Primary Health Centers (PHC) using structuredquestionnaires and observation. The infectious disease prevention practice was assessed by scoring 14 questions. Only 40% of the 60 laboratory workers were good in practising infectious disease prevention while working in the laboratory. Laboratory workers from PHC in Banten Province were 4.2 times higher in good infectious disease prevention practice than workers from PHC in South Kalimantan Province (p=0.03 OR 4.21; 95%CI 1.14-15.47). Laboratory workers from PHC in Gorontalo Province were not significantly different in good infectious disease prevention practice than workers from PHC in SouthKalimantan Province (p=0.08 OR 5.51; 95%CI 0.83-36.73). The length of work and type of PHC were not significantly associated with infectious disease prevention practice (p> 0.05) but became confounders to the association of province location with infectious disease prevention practice. Infectious disease prevention practice was associated with the province where PHC located.Keywords: laboratory worker, primary health center, infectious disease preventio

Determinan Kejadian Cedera pada Kelompok Pekerja Usia Produktif di Indonesia

International Labor Organization (ILO) in 2008 estimated that 14 % of the 2.34 million people died as a result of work-related accidents. In Indonesia, work-related accidents data are still limited and only focus on the formal sector. The research purpose was to identify the determinant of the injury in Indonesia productive age (15-64 years old) workers.This study was a further analysis of National Health Research (Riskesdas data) in 2013. The data were analyzed by complex sample with significancelevel 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals. The workers who met the study criterias were 405,984 persons. The determinant of injury was age, gender, hypertension, region area, visual and hearing impairment, education, diabetes mellitus, marrital status, body mass index, occupation, economical status, subdistrict area (OR adjusted 1.1-2.17 p¤0.009). The injury of the 15-24 years old group was 2.17 times higher than55-64 years old group, males were injured 1.8 times higher than females, workers who had hypertension were 1.6 times than normotension. Workers stayed in Eastern Indonesia Region was injured 1.5 times higher than in Sumatra Region, and workers with hearing impairment in both ears were injured 1.5 times higher than normal hearing. The main determinant of injury in productive age workers was age, gender, hypertension, and hearing impairment. Efforts to prevent injury were required, especially foryoung workers.Keywords : workers, injury, productive age, Indonesia, Riskesdas 2013 AbstrakInternational Labor Organization (ILO) memperkirakan 14% dari 2,34 juta orang meninggal dunia akibat kecelakaan kerja (2008). Di Indonesia, data terkait kecelakaan yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan masih terbatas dan hanya fokus pada pekerja sektor formal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan determinan kejadian cedera pada pekerja usia produktif (15-64 tahun) di Indonesia, menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) Tahun 2013. Data dianalisis dengan kompleks sampel, tingkat kemaknaan 0,05 dan confidence interval 95%. Jumlah pekerja yang dianalisis 405,984 orang. Determinan kejadian cedera adalah umur, jenis kelamin, hipertensi, kawasan tempat tinggal, gangguan penglihatandan pendengaran, pendidikan, diabetes mellitus, status perkawinan, status gizi, jenis pekerjaan, status ekonomi, dan lokasi tempat tinggal (OR adjusted 1.1-2.17 p¤0.009). Kejadian cedera pada pekerjaumur 15-24 tahun 2,17 kali dibandingkan umur 55-64 tahun, pada laki-laki 1,8 kali dibandingkan perempuan, mereka yang menderita hipertensi 1,6 kali dibandingkan yang tidak hipertensi. Pekerjayang tinggal di Kawasan Timur Indonesia 1,5 kali lebih banyak yang cedera dibandingkan di Kawasan Sumatera, sedangkan yang menderita gangguan pendengaran kedua telinga 1,5 kali lebih banyak cederadibandingkan pendengaran normal. Determinan utama cedera pada pekerja usia produktif adalah umur diikuti jenis kelamin, hipertensi, dan gangguan pendengaran. Upaya untuk mencegah kejadian cederadiperlukan khususnya bagi pekerja usia muda.Kata kunci : pekerja, cedera, usia produktif, Indonesia, Riskesdas 201

Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Primary Health Center Workers in 6 Districts in Indonesia

Background: Health care is one of the workplaces with a higher risk of TB than the general population. This study aims to analyze pulmonary TB on PHC workers in six districts/cities in Indonesia.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted, involving 509 workers, in 50 health centers (PHC referral microscopic and PHC self- executing) of 6 districts/cities of 3 provinces. Data pulmonary tuberculosis in the last 12 months based on diagnose by health professionals was collected. Sputum specimen examination conducted in the laboratory Primary Health Center and confirmed with two referent laboratories. Results: Two of the 509 respondents (0.39%) had been diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis by health workers since 12 months ago and one of them is still in the treatment of tuberculosis. All respondents have no active pulmonary tuberculosis (smear negative results). The relationship of the disease and work can not be ruled out. Conclusion: Workers PHC potentially infected by pulmonary tuberculosis. Increased knowledge about TB transmission and prevention needs to be given to the health center workers

Dampak Nyeri Pinggang terhadap Kehadiran Kerja Paramedis di Tiga Rumah Sakit di Jakarta

Latar belakang: Nyeri pinggang adalah nyeri pada pinggang yang dapat menimbulkan keterbatasan gerak sementara maupun menetap, dapat menyebabkan seseorang tidak dapat bekerja dan memerlukan pengobatan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis dampak nyeri pinggang terhadap kehadiran kerja paramedis pada 3 rumah sakit di Jakarta. Metode: Desain penelitian potong lintang, dengan sampel paramedis pada 3 rumah sakit di Jakarta yang mengalami nyeri pinggang dalam1 tahun terakhir, berusia 20–45 tahun, dan minimal masa kerja 1 tahun. Sampel yang memenuhi kriteria 109 orang. Hasil: Nyeri pinggang yang terjadi pertama kali di tempat kerja 2 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang terjadi di luar tempat kerja. Dari 109 orang, 16,5% mengambil cuti sakit pada saat pertama nyeri pinggang, dengan lama cuti sakit tertinggi berturut turut 1–3 hari dan 7–14 hari. Sebagian besar mengalami kekambuhan lebih dari 1 kali dalam setahun. Cuti sakit akibat nyeri pinggang berhubungan bermakna dengan skala nyeri. Cuti sakit lebih tinggi pada skala nyeri 6–10 dibandingkan skala 1–5 (p = 0,006 OR 4,5 95% CI 1,5–13,2). Kesimpulan: nyeri pinggang dapat mengalami kekambuhan dan berdampak pada kehadiran kerja paramedis di rumah sakit

Peran Latihan Tangan Dalam Pencegahan Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Pada Perempuan Pekerja Garmen

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the commonest cumulative traumatic disorder causedby medianus nerve entrapment in carpal tunnel at the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome is related to repetitivebiomechanical movement in hand at work. To prevent CTS, workers can do the job conditioning, performstretching exercises, and take frequent rest breaks. Objectives: to evaluate the role of hand exercise to thesymptom of CTS among female garment workers. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at3 garment factories in Jakarta 2004, in 10 months period. Respondents were female workers aged 17 to 40,divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group was trained to do hand exercise,4 times in 4 months. After training, the respondent should practice it regularly, twice a day, and 3 times aweek in the workplace. The hand exercise practice was evaluated by questionnaire and self control card.The symptoms of CTS were assessed using The NIOSH (The National Institute for Occupational Safetyand Health) criteria for CTS. Results: Amount of subject 201 workers were in the intervention group and126 workers were in the control group. After the intervention, the symptom of CTS such as paresthesia andweakness significantly decreased in the intervention group (p=0,0001 and p=0,01), but the symptom ofCTS such as numbness and pain did not significantly decrease (p>0,05). After the intervention, all of theCTS symptom did not decrease in control group (p>0,05) .Conclusions: Doing the hand exercise regularlycan prevent the symptoms of CTS. The employer should support their workers to do the hand exercise inthe workplace