59,087 research outputs found
A preliminary study on the affinities of Philippine, Bornean and New Guinean hepatics
The generic and specific affinities of the Philippine, Bornean and New Guinean hepatic floras were analyzed by calculating the Kroeber's percentage of similarity on the basis of recently published checklists. It is observed that the overall affinities parallel that exhibited by local moss floras except for one important difference. For the three areas, the number and distribution of species of large, actively evolving hepatic genera are noted to be disparate and with few shared taxa. Contrastingly, the large and actively evolving moss genera produce consistently large number of species in all three areas with an equally large number of shared taxa. The strong dependence of many hepatic taxa on asexual reproduction and the poor spore dispersability are accepted as the best explanation to this phenomenon
Evolutionary L∞ identification and model reduction for robust control
An evolutionary approach for modern robust control oriented system identification and model reduction in the frequency domain is proposed. The technique provides both an optimized nominal model and a 'worst-case' additive or multiplicative uncertainty bounding function which is compatible with robust control design methodologies. In addition, the evolutionary approach is applicable to both continuous- and discrete-time systems without the need for linear parametrization or a confined problem domain for deterministic convex optimization. The proposed method is validated against a laboratory multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) test rig and benchmark problems, which show a higher fitting accuracy and provides a tighter L�¢���� error bound than existing methods in the literature do
Star-forming accretion flows and the low luminosity nuclei of giant elliptical galaxies
The luminosities of the centers of nearby elliptical galaxies are very low
compared to models of thin disc accretion to their black holes at the Bondi
rate, typically a few hundredths to a few tenths of a solar mass per year. This
has motivated models of inefficiently-radiated accretion that invoke weak
electron-ion thermal coupling, and/or inhibited accretion rates due to
convection or outflows. Here we point out that even if such processes are
operating, a significant fraction of the accreting gas is prevented from
reaching the central black hole because it condenses into stars in a
gravitationally unstable disc. Star formation occurs inside the Bondi radius
(typically ~100pc in giant ellipticals), but still relatively far from the
black hole in terms of Schwarzschild radii. Star formation depletes and heats
the gas disc, eventually leading to a marginally stable, but much reduced,
accretion flow to the black hole. We predict the presence of cold (~100K),
dusty gas discs, containing clustered H-alpha emission and occasional type II
supernovae, both resulting from the presence of massive stars. Star formation
accounts for several features of the M87 system: a thin disc, traced by H-alpha
emission, is observed on scales of about 100pc, with features reminiscent of
spiral arms and dust lanes; the star formation rate inferred from the intensity
of H-alpha emission is consistent with the Bondi accretion rate of the system.
Star formation may therefore help suppress accretion onto the central engines
of massive ellipticals. We also discuss some implications for the fueling of
the Galactic center and quasars.Comment: 13 pages, accepted to MNRA
A heterotic sigma model with novel target geometry
We construct a (1,2) heterotic sigma model whose target space geometry
consists of a transitive Lie algebroid with complex structure on a Kaehler
manifold. We show that, under certain geometrical and topological conditions,
there are two distinguished topological half--twists of the heterotic sigma
model leading to A and B type half--topological models. Each of these models is
characterized by the usual topological BRST operator, stemming from the
heterotic (0,2) supersymmetry, and a second BRST operator anticommuting with
the former, originating from the (1,0) supersymmetry. These BRST operators
combined in a certain way provide each half--topological model with two
inequivalent BRST structures and, correspondingly, two distinct perturbative
chiral algebras and chiral rings. The latter are studied in detail and
characterized geometrically in terms of Lie algebroid cohomology in the
quasiclassical limit.Comment: 83 pages, no figures, 2 references adde
Spectroscopic infrared extinction mapping as a probe of grain growth in IRDCs
We present spectroscopic tests of MIR to FIR extinction laws in IRDC
G028.36+00.07, a potential site of massive star and star cluster formation. Lim
& Tan (2014) developed methods of FIR extinction mapping of this source using
-MIPS and -PACS
images, and by comparing to MIR -IRAC --
extinction maps, found tentative evidence for grain growth in the highest mass
surface density regions. Here we present results of spectroscopic infrared
extinction (SIREX) mapping using -IRS (14 to )
data of the same IRDC. These methods allow us to first measure the SED of the
diffuse Galactic ISM that is in the foreground of the IRDC. We then carry out
our primary investigation of measuring the MIR to FIR opacity law and searching
for potential variations as a function of mass surface density within the IRDC.
We find relatively flat, featureless MIR-FIR opacity laws that lack the
and features associated with the thick
water ice mantle models of Ossenkopf & Henning (1994). Their thin ice mantle
models and the coagulating aggregate dust models of Ormel et al. (2011) are a
generally better match to the observed opacity laws. We also find evidence for
generally flatter MIR to FIR extinction laws as mass surface density increases,
strengthening the evidence for grain and ice mantle growth in higher density
regions.Comment: 12 pages, 12 Figures, 1 Table, Accepted to be published to Ap
The Darkest Shadows: Deep Mid-Infrared Extinction Mapping of a Massive Protocluster
We use deep Spitzer-IRAC imaging of a massive Infrared Dark Cloud
(IRDC) G028.37+00.07 to construct a Mid-Infrared (MIR) extinction map that
probes mass surface densities up to
(mag), amongst the highest values yet probed by extinction
mapping. Merging with a NIR extinction map of the region, creates a high
dynamic range map that reveals structures down to mag. We utilize
the map to: (1) Measure a cloud mass within a radius
of pc. CO kinematics indicate that the cloud is gravitationally
bound. It thus has the potential to form one of the most massive young star
clusters known in the Galaxy. (2) Characterize the structures of 16 massive
cores within the IRDC, finding they can be fit by singular polytropic spheres
with and . They have
--- relatively low values
that, along with their measured cold temperatures, suggest magnetic fields,
rather than accretion-powered radiative heating, are important for controlling
fragmentation of these cores. (3) Determine the (equivalently column
density or ) probability distribution function (PDF) for a region that is
near complete for mag. The PDF is well fit by a single log-normal with
mean mag, high compared to other known clouds. It does
not exhibit a separate high-end power law tail, which has been claimed to
indicate the importance of self-gravity. However, we suggest that the PDF does
result from a self-similar, self-gravitating hierarchy of structure being
present over a wide range of scales in the cloud.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted to ApJ
Parton and Hadron Correlations in Jets
Correlation between shower partons is first studied in high jets. Then
in the framework of parton recombination the correlation between pions in
heavy-ion collisions is investigated. Since thermal partons play very different
roles in central and peripheral collisions, it is found that the correlation
functions of the produced hadrons behave very differently at different
centralities, especially at intermediate . The correlation function that
can best exhibit the distinctive features is suggested. There is not a great
deal of overlap between what we can calculate and what has been measured.
Nevertheless, some aspects of our results compare favorably with experimental
data.Comment: 28 pages in Latex + 13 figures. This is a revised version with
extended discussions added without quantitative changes in the result
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