Study on China's Regional Carbon Emission Factors: The case of Chongqing City

AbstractLow-carbon development has become a hot issue concerned by the whole world. Governments respectively introduced the country's low-carbon strategy and action. China has put forward a series of obligatory targets and has issued a provincial area “twelfth five-year” carbon intensity reduction target. How to coordinate the contradiction between economic growth and environmental constraints, and formulating corresponding low-carbon development path and the supporting measures, has become one of the problems to be solved. Considering the regional resource endowment, stage of economic development, energy structure, industrial structure, technical development level and other factors, this article constructs the model of regional carbon emission factors, the paper takes Chongqing of China as an example. The research results show that: The major contribution of elements, in turn, is the improvement of technology energy efficiency, the optimization of energy structure, and the adjustment of industrial structure. Based on this, this paper puts forward the corresponding low-carbon development policies according to the results of analysis, from the aspects such as energy structure, industrial structure, and technological progress and so on

CO2 Emission Reduction Potential in China's Electricity Sector: Scenario Analysis Based on LMDI Decomposition

AbstractThe CO2 emission reduction from China's electricity sector will matter not only for China but impact the result of the global action on climate change. This paper firstly analyzed the main factors that affect the CO2 emission in accordance with the LMDI decomposition model. Then three scenarios were assumed based on the main factors to explore the CO2 reduction potential. Furthermore, LMDI method was used again to measure the contribution of each factor to CO2 emission reduction potential in the future. The results showed that the CO2 emission will continue to grow in the three scenarios from 2010 to 2020, with an annual growth rate of 10.7%, 6.5% and 4.5%, respectively. The active low carbon policies taken on the driving factors will contribute to 2701Mt - 3688Mt CO2 emission reduction. The share of low-carbon power generation and thermal power generation efficiency are most important factors for emission reduction. However, in the long run, low-carbon power generation will contribute more. Terminal electricity consumption is always the most important factor driving CO2 emission up. Finally, policies for low-carbon development of China's electricity sector are proposed based on the analysis results

A meta-analysis of the relationship between climate change experience and climate change perception

Will climate change experience shape people\u27s climate change perception? To examine the evidence, we performed a pre-registered meta-analysis using data from 302 studies, covering 351,378 observations. Our results find that climate change experience only has a weak positive correlation with climate change awareness in general (r = 0.098, 95% CI 0.0614, 0.1348), and the effect sizes vary considerably across different climate events. General hazard and temperature anomalies experiences have significant correlations, but other events exhibit no or neglectable effects. The moderator analysis showed that self-reported studies result in higher correlations, whereas studies based on victims\u27 actual experiences report lower effect sizes. Our study suggests that people\u27s climate change experiences may not be effective in shaping their awareness of climate change, which is likely due to people\u27s attribution style and adaptability. The importance of proactive education thus is further emphasized to raise the awareness of climate change

Physical and virtual carbon metabolism of global cities

Urban activities have profound and lasting effects on the global carbon balance. Here we develop a consistent metabolic approach that combines two complementary carbon accounts, the physical carbon balance and the fossil fuel-derived gaseous carbon footprint, to track carbon coming into, being added to urban stocks, and eventually leaving the city. We find that over 88% of the physical carbon in 16 global cities is imported from outside their urban boundaries, and this outsourcing of carbon is notably amplified by virtual emissions from upstream activities that contribute 33–68% to their total carbon inflows. While 13–33% of the carbon appropriated by cities is immediately combusted and released as CO2, between 8 and 24% is stored in durable household goods or becomes part of other urban stocks. Inventorying carbon consumed and stored for urban metabolism should be given more credit for the role it can play in stabilizing future global climate

Physical and virtual carbon metabolism of global cities

Urban activities have profound and lasting effects on the global carbon balance. Here we develop a consistent metabolic approach that combines two complementary carbon accounts, the physical carbon balance and the fossil fuel-derived gaseous carbon footprint, to track carbon coming into, being added to urban stocks, and eventually leaving the city. We find that over 88% of the physical carbon in 16 global cities is imported from outside their urban boundaries, and this outsourcing of carbon is notably amplified by virtual emissions from upstream activities that contribute 33–68% to their total carbon inflows. While 13–33% of the carbon appropriated by cities is immediately combusted and released as CO₂, between 8 and 24% is stored in durable household goods or becomes part of other urban stocks. Inventorying carbon consumed and stored for urban metabolism should be given more credit for the role it can play in stabilizing future global climate

Genome Sequencing of the Sweetpotato Whitefly \u3cem\u3eBemisia tabaci\u3c/em\u3e MED/Q

The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a highly destructive agricultural and ornamental crop pest. It damages host plants through both phloem feeding and vectoring plant pathogens. Introductions of B. tabaci are difficult to quarantine and eradicate because of its high reproductive rates, broad host plant range, and insecticide resistance. A total of 791 Gb of raw DNA sequence from whole genome shotgun sequencing, and 13 BAC pooling libraries were generated by Illumina sequencing using different combinations of mate-pair and pair-end libraries. Assembly gave a final genome with a scaffold N50 of 437 kb, and a total length of 658 Mb. Annotation of repetitive elements and coding regions resulted in 265.0 Mb TEs (40.3%) and 20 786 protein-coding genes with putative gene family expansions, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on orthologs across 14 arthropod taxa suggested that MED/Q is clustered into a hemipteran clade containing A. pisum and is a sister lineage to a clade containing both R. prolixus and N. lugens. Genome completeness, as estimated using the CEGMA and Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs pipelines, reached 96% and 79%. These MED/Q genomic resources lay a foundation for future \u27pan-genomic\u27 comparisons of invasive vs. noninvasive, invasive vs. invasive, and native vs. exotic Bemisia, which, in return, will open up new avenues of investigation into whitefly biology, evolution, and management

Application of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) in evaluating energyconsuming of Integrated Oxidation Ditch (IOD)

AbstractWith the research on some critical technology going deeply, the problem of technology route and project approach for the saving energy & reducing consumption have become the focus of municipal wastewater treatment process. In this article, LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) is applied to identify and compare the energy consumption of each stage of different technologies in municipal wastewater treatment from the view of whole process. This is carried out after reviewing the condition of energy utilizing of typical technologies in China. And some measures are brought forward to improve the efficiency of energy utilizing. Integrated Oxidation Ditch (IOD) is taken as an example and the energy consumption from its raw and processed materials exploitation, construction, treatment and running, rebuilding to its discarding and removing is identified and quantified, which is also compared with traditional treatment process of wastewater and waste sludge in China. This study shows that application of the high-energy-efficiency aeration device and optimizing control operation are essential paths to improve the energy consumption of IOD during its life cycle. And LCA is an important foundation of improving products quality and a main measure of sales promotion for manufacturers in recent years