Genomic analysis of oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma identifies alcohol drinking-related mutation signature and genomic alterations

Approximately half of the world's 500,000 new oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases each year occur in China. Here, we show whole-genome sequencing of DNA and RNA in 94 Chinese individuals with ESCC. We identify six mutational signatures (E1–E6), and Signature E4 is unique in ESCC linked to alcohol intake and genetic variants in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. We discover significantly recurrent mutations in 20 protein-coding genes, 4 long non-coding RNAs and 10 untranslational regions. Functional analyses show six genes that have recurrent copy-number variants in three squamous-cell carcinomas (oesophageal, head and neck and lung) significantly promote cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The most frequently affected genes by structural variation are LRP1B and TTC28. The aberrant cell cycle and PI3K-AKT pathways seem critical in ESCC. These results establish a comprehensive genomic landscape of ESCC and provide potential targets for precision treatment and prevention of the cancer

Current status of yttrium-90 microspheres radioembolization in primary and metastatic liver cancer

Liver malignancy, including primary liver cancer and metastatic liver cancer has become one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide due to the high malignant degree and limited systematic treatment strategy. Radioembolization with yttrium-90 (90Y)-loaded microspheres is a relatively novel technology that has made significant progress in the local treatment of liver malignancy. The different steps in the extensive work-up of radioembolization for patients with an indication for treatment with 90Y microspheres, from patient selection to follow up, both technically and clinically, are discussed in this paper. It describes the application and development of 90Y microspheres in the treatment of liver cancer

Endovascular Double-Layer Bare Stent Placement in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Pseudoaneurysm

Objective. To investigate the efficacy and safety of endovascular double-layer bare stent placement for the treatment of traumatic false aneurysm (TFA). Methods. This is a retrospective review of five patients with TFA undergone double-layer bare stent placement in our center between February 2011 and August 2020. There are 2 males and 3 females aged 29-65 years, with an average age of 43 years. One case suffered from common carotid artery pseudoaneurysm, and four cases suffered superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysm. Results. The endovascular interventional treatment was successful in all 5 patients, and the pseudoaneurysms disappeared after treatment. No TFA recurrence and no complications such as instent stenosis, stent migration, stent fracture, endoleak, and infection were observed during the 3-99-month follow-up period. Conclusion. For the treatment of TFA, endovascular interventional therapy with double-layer bare stent was minimally invasive, safe, and effective with fewer complications. It could preserve all branches of parent artery and had the advantage of lower cost. It can be used in the treatment of TFA in selected cases. However, further clinical researches with larger cohorts are needed before its long-term efficacy can be completely clarified

Integrative analysis of gene expression profiles reveals specific signaling pathways associated with pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma

Abstract Background Pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a major health problem because conventional cancer treatments are relatively ineffective against it. Microarray studies have linked many genes to pancreatic cancer, but the available data have not been extensively mined for potential insights into PDAC. This study attempted to identify PDAC-associated genes and signaling pathways based on six microarray-based profiles of gene expression in pancreatic cancer deposited in the gene expression omnibus database. Methods Pathway network methods were used to analyze core pathways in six publicly available pancreatic cancer gene (GSE71989, GSE15471, GSE16515, GSE32676, GSE41368 and GSE28735) expression profiles. Genes potentially linked to PDAC were assessed for potential impact on survival time based on data in The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium databases, and the expression of one candidate gene (CKS2) and its association with survival was examined in 102 patients with PDAC from our hospital. Effects of CKS2 knockdown were explored in the PDAC cell lines BxPC-3 and CFPAC-1. Results The KEGG signaling pathway called “pathway in cancer” may play an important role in pancreatic cancer development and progression. Five genes (BIRC5, CKS2, ITGA3, ITGA6 and RALA) in this pathway were significantly associated with survival time in patients with PDAC. CKS2 was overexpressed in PDAC samples from our hospital, and higher CKS2 expression in these patients was associated with shorter survival time. CKS2 knockdown substantially inhibited PDAC cell proliferation in vitro. Conclusions Analysis integrating existing microarray datasets allowed identification of the “pathway in cancer” as an important signaling pathway in PDAC. This integrative approach may be powerful for identifying genes and pathways involved in cancer

Current status of yttrium-90 microspheres radioembolization in primary and metastatic liver cancer

Liver malignancy, including primary liver cancer and metastatic liver cancer, has become one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide due to the high malignant degree and limited systematic treatment strategy. Radioembolization with yttrium-90 (90Y)-loaded microspheres is a relatively novel technology that has made significant progress in the local treatment of liver malignancy. The different steps in the extensive work-up of radioembolization for patients with an indication for treatment with 90Y microspheres, from patient selection to follow up, both technically and clinically, are discussed in this paper. It describes the application and development of 90Y microspheres in the treatment of liver cancer

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Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of patients with pancreatic cancer in this study

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Additional file 6: Table S6. Genes associated with CKS2 expression level in pancreatic cancer tissues, based on data in The Cancer Genome Atlas

MOESM2 of Integrative analysis of gene expression profiles reveals specific signaling pathways associated with pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma

Additional file 2: Table S2. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences used in this study

MOESM3 of Integrative analysis of gene expression profiles reveals specific signaling pathways associated with pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma

Additional file 3: Table S3. Primers used for real-time PCR in this study

MOESM7 of Integrative analysis of gene expression profiles reveals specific signaling pathways associated with pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma

Additional file 7: Figure S1. Pathway networks of all GEO datasets. Pathway networks for the datasets GSE15471 (A), GSE16515 (B), GSE32676 (C), GSE71989 (D), GSE28735 (E) and GSE42368 (F) were drawn using the GCBI online tool as described in Methods. Yellow dots indicate involvement of up- and down-regulated signaling pathway genes; red dots, up-regulated signaling pathway genes; and blue dots, down-regulated signaling pathway genes. The arrow points from the upstream toward the downstream signaling pathway