Nuclear isotope thermometry

We discuss different aspects which could influence temperatures deduced from experimental isotopic yields in the multifragmentation process. It is shown that fluctuations due to the finite size of the system and distortions due to the decay of hot primary fragments conspire to blur the temperature determination in multifragmentation reactions. These facts suggest that caloric curves obtained through isotope thermometers, which were taken as evidence for a first-order phase transition in nuclear matter, should be investigated very carefully.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Maximum likelihood estimation of photon number distribution from homodyne statistics

We present a method for reconstructing the photon number distribution from the homodyne statistics based on maximization of the likelihood function derived from the exact statistical description of a homodyne experiment. This method incorporates in a natural way the physical constraints on the reconstructed quantities, and the compensation for the nonunit detection efficiency.Comment: 3 pages REVTeX. Final version, to appear in Phys. Rev. A as a Brief Repor

Evidence of Spatially Inhomogeous Pairing on the Insulating Side of a Disorder-Tuned Superconductor-Insulator Transition

Measurements of transport properties of amorphous insulating indium oxide thin films have been interpreted as evidence of the presence of superconducting islands on the insulating side of a disorder-tuned superconductor-insulator transition. Although the films are not granular, the behavior is similar to that observed in granular films. The results support theoretical models in which the destruction of superconductivity by disorder produces spatially inhomogenous pairing with a spectral gap.Comment: Revised title and content/argument. Totals: 4 pages, 3 figure

Quantum state reconstruction of the single-photon Fock state

We have reconstructed the quantum state of optical pulses containing single photons using the method of phase-randomized pulsed optical homodyne tomography. The single-photon Fock state |1> was prepared using conditional measurements on photon pairs born in the process of parametric down-conversion. A probability distribution of the phase-averaged electric field amplitudes with a strongly non-Gaussian shape is obtained with the total detection efficiency of (55+-1)%. The angle-averaged Wigner function reconstructed from this distribution shows a strong dip reaching classically impossible negative values around the origin of the phase space.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Physical Review Letters. Avoid downloading PDF due to extremely poor figure resolution. Use Postscrip

Analisis Yuridis Pemberian Kredit oleh Koperasi terhadap Pengusaha Kecil dan Menengah Berdasarkan UU No.17 Tahun 2012 Tentang Perkoperasian (Studi pada Koperasi Kredit Union Sejahtera Tebing Tinggi)

Cooperatives as people's economic movement give their contribution to small and middle businesses in increasing the welfare, especially for their members. A cooperative is both the guidance for people's economic policy and a part of national economic order. How is the regulation of giving credit to small and middle businesses according to Law No. 17/2012 on Cooperatives? How is the implementation of giving credit to small and middle businesses at Koperasi Kredit CU Sejahtera, Tebing Tinggi? Are there any obstacles and how to solve them? The regulation of giving credit in Law No. 17/2012 on Cooperatives should be in savings and loan. In this case, the credit at Koperasi Kredit CU Sejahtera, Tebing Tinggi is given only to its registered members. The main obstacle is the incapability of its members to pay off the credit. It is recommended that the cooperative adapt its statutes to Law No. 17/2012 on Cooperatives by amending USP to KSP, giving credit should be based on the capability and compatibility, and special advisors who give sanction to fraudulent field workers should be supported. Kata Kunci : Savings and Loan Cooperative, Small and Middle Businesses, Kopdit CU Sejahtera Tebing Tingg