Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of a single layer graphene under dc current bias

Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations under a dc current bias are experimentally studied on a Hall bar sample of single layer graphene. In dc resistance, the bias current shows the common damping effect on the SdH oscillations and the effect can be well accounted for by an elevated electron temperature that is found to be linearly dependent on the current bias. In differential resistance, a novel phase inversion of the SdH oscillations has been observed with increasing dc bias, namely we observe the oscillation maxima develop into minima and vice versa. Moreover, it is found that the onset biasing current, at which a SdH extremum is about to invert, is linearly dependent on the magnetic field of the SdH extrema. These observations are quantitatively explained with the help of a general SdH formula.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, A few references adde

Implementation of Design for Manufacture and Assembly principles in the construction project: A case study

Design for manufacture and assembly (DfMA) has been increasingly advocated by the global construction industry since it provides methodological procedures for evaluating and improving design for both manufacture and assembly. Many studies have investigated the DfMA principles suitable for different types of construction projects and advocated a wide implementation of DfMA in construction. However, it would be difficult to persuade stakeholders to implement DfMA principles in their projects without a clear specification of implementation procedures. This study aims to offer an intelligible description and analysis of implementation procedures of DfMA in a real construction project. It does so by undertaking a case study on a prefabricated bamboo building, in which a DfMA-focused design was required by the client. The study reveals how the knowledge of designer, engineer, and contractor has been integrated to implement DfMA principles in the design of building components and sub-components. This study also identifies the best practice of ensuring engineering performance and meanwhile attaining aesthetics in the application of DfMA principles

Achievable Information Rates in C-band Nonlinear Coherent Optical Communication Systems

Information rates of C-band Nyquist-spaced optical fiber communication systems with erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and distributed Raman amplification (DRA) schemes were discussed. Results indicate that the nonlinearity compensation performance depends on transmission distances and modulation formats

Estimating Reflectance Layer from A Single Image: Integrating Reflectance Guidance and Shadow/Specular Aware Learning

Estimating reflectance layer from a single image is a challenging task. It becomes more challenging when the input image contains shadows or specular highlights, which often render an inaccurate estimate of the reflectance layer. Therefore, we propose a two-stage learning method, including reflectance guidance and a Shadow/Specular-Aware (S-Aware) network to tackle the problem. In the first stage, an initial reflectance layer free from shadows and specularities is obtained with the constraint of novel losses that are guided by prior-based shadow-free and specular-free images. To further enforce the reflectance layer to be independent from shadows and specularities in the second-stage refinement, we introduce an S-Aware network that distinguishes the reflectance image from the input image. Our network employs a classifier to categorize shadow/shadow-free, specular/specular-free classes, enabling the activation features to function as attention maps that focus on shadow/specular regions. Our quantitative and qualitative evaluations show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in the reflectance layer estimation that is free from shadows and specularities.Comment: Accepted to AAAI202