PO-089 Effects of 6-days nitrate supplementation on [Ca2+] and CRT in skeletal muscle of exhausted rats

Objective There are many active ingredients in sports nutrition, and nitrate is gradually being valued by sports nutrition and product developers. Supplementation of nitrate is a practical method to increase circulating plasma nitrite, thereby increasing NO bioavailability. However, the existing research has rarely reported the dose effect between nitrate supplementation and changes in exercise efficiency and capacity. The mechanism of action of nitrate is not fully understood yet. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of different doses of nitrate on the exercise capacity of rats, as well as the detection of [Ca2+] and calreticulin (CRT) expression in the gastrocnemius, soleus and extensor digitorum longus, trying to figure out the effects of different doses of nitrate supplementation on calcium homeostasis in different types of muscle fibers. Methods 40 SD rats (8-week-old) weighing 270-290 grams were randomly divided into control group (C group, 8), exercise control group (EC group, 8), exercise with low-dose supplementation group (ELN group, 8), exercise with medium-dose supplementation group (EMN group, 8) and exercise with high-dose supplementation group (EHN group, 8). Sodium nitrate was used as exogenous nitrate for oral gavage. The intragastric concentration was 0.3 mmol/day/kg body weight in the ELN group, 0.7 mmol/day/kg body weight in the EMN group, and 1.0 mmol/day/kg body weight in the EHN group. The others were orally administered with normal saline. All exercise groups (EC, ELN, EMN and EHN) underwent 3 days adaptive low-intensity treadmill training with slope 0°, speed 16 meter/min, and the time is 5 min, 10 min and 15 min incrementally. 24 hours after the end of the last gavage, a one-time exhaustion treadmill experiment was started. The running platform slope was -16°, the speed was 16 meter/min. Exhaustive experiment participants were not aware of the grouping of rats. Immediately after the end of exhaustive exercise, the rats were weighed and anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital solution. Blood is collected for testing [NO2-]. The gastrocnemius, soleus and extensor digitorum longus were collected for testing NOS activity, tissue [Ca2+] and CRT expression. Results (1) Compared with the EC group, the exhaustion time of the other exercise groups was prolonged. The exhaustion time of the EMN group was very significantly prolonged from that of the EC group (P<0.01). The exhaustion time of the EMN group was significantly prolonged from that of the EC group (P< 0.05). At the same time, the difference between the EMN group and the ELN group was statistically significant (P<0.05). (2) Serum [NO2-] in the supplemented nitrate groups (ELN, EMN and EHN) was higher than that in the EC group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The serum [NO2-] in different groups (ELN, EMN and EHN) raised with the increase of nitrate concentration, and the difference between each adjacent concentration group was statistically significant (P<0.05). (3) In the gastrocnemius, soleus and extensor digitorum longus respectively, there were no significant differences in TNOS, iNOS and cNOS activities between the groups (P>0.05). (4) In the gastrocnemius, compared with the EC group, the [Ca2+] (P<0.05) and CRT expression (P<0.05) in the EMN group were significantly decreased. There was no difference between the ELN vs EC group (P>0.05) and the EHN vs EC group (P>0.05). (5) In the soleus, the [Ca2+] (P<0.05) and CRT expression (P<0.05) in the EMN group were significantly decreased. There was no difference between the ELN vs EC group (P>0.05) and the EHN vs EC group (P>0.05). (6) In the extensor digitorum longus, compared with the EC group, the [Ca2+] (P<0.05) and CRT expression (P<0.05) in the EHN group were significantly decreased. There was no difference between ELN and EC group (P>0.05). The expression of CRT in EMN group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), but there is no difference of [Ca2+] between EMN and EC group (P<0.05). Conclusions (1) 6-day sodium nitrate supplementation is a reliable method to increase serum [NO2-] concentration. (2) 6-day sodium nitrate supplementation can prolong the duration of one-time exhaustive exercise in rats, and the dose of 0.7mmol/kg/d is the best. (3) Sodium nitrate supplementation can affect the [Ca2+] and the expression of CRT in skeletal muscle after one-time exhaustive exercise. Different concentrations of sodium nitrate have different effects on different types of muscle fibers

Design of the Power Online Monitoring System Based on LabVIEW

In this paper, for the production system of Handan steel plant, it designs a power line monitoring system using LabVIEW as a platform, its functions includes: data collection, data storage and analysis, trend analysis, fault diagnosis. In the design, it is full use of the LabVIEW graphical programming quick, convenient advantages, combining DQmax powerful features and DataSocket, to complete remote monitoring and fault diagnosis of production system in steel plant. It is a great significance in steel product that to accelerate the speed of access the production information and improve the utilization rate of energy, and optimize the process of production

Oxidative damage from repeated tissue isolation for subculturing causes degeneration in Volvariella volvacea

The fungal fruiting body is the organized mycelium. Tissue isolation and mycelium succession are common methods of fungal species purification and rejuvenation in the production of edible mushrooms. However, repeated succession increases strain degeneration. In this study, we examined the effect of repeated tissue isolation from Volvariella volvacea fruitbodies on the occurrence of degeneration. The results showed that less than four times in succession improved production capacity, however, after 12 successions, the traits indicating strain degeneration were apparent. For instance, the density of aerophytic hyphae, hyphal growth rate and hyphal biomass were gradually reduced, while the hyphae branching was increased. Also, other degenerative traits such as prolonged production cycles and decreased biological efficiency became evident. In particular, after 19 successions, the strain degeneration became so severe no fruiting bodies were produces anymore. Meanwhile, with the increase in successions, the antioxidant enzyme activity decreased, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased, the number of nuclei decreased, and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased along with morphological changes in the mitochondria. This study showed that repeated tissue isolation increased oxidative damage in the succession strain due to the accumulation of ROS, causing cellular senescence, in turn, degeneration in V. volvacea strain

A Survey on Fundamental Limits of Integrated Sensing and Communication

The integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), in which the sensing and communication share the same frequency band and hardware, has emerged as a key technology in future wireless systems due to two main reasons. First, many important application scenarios in fifth generation (5G) and beyond, such as autonomous vehicles, Wi-Fi sensing and extended reality, requires both high-performance sensing and wireless communications. Second, with millimeter wave and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies widely employed in 5G and beyond, the future communication signals tend to have high-resolution in both time and angular domain, opening up the possibility for ISAC. As such, ISAC has attracted tremendous research interest and attentions in both academia and industry. Early works on ISAC have been focused on the design, analysis and optimization of practical ISAC technologies for various ISAC systems. While this line of works are necessary, it is equally important to study the fundamental limits of ISAC in order to understand the gap between the current state-of-the-art technologies and the performance limits, and provide useful insights and guidance for the development of better ISAC technologies that can approach the performance limits. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive survey for the current research progress on the fundamental limits of ISAC. Particularly, we first propose a systematic classification method for both traditional radio sensing (such as radar sensing and wireless localization) and ISAC so that they can be naturally incorporated into a unified framework. Then we summarize the major performance metrics and bounds used in sensing, communications and ISAC, respectively. After that, we present the current research progresses on fundamental limits of each class of the traditional sensing and ISAC systems. Finally, the open problems and future research directions are discussed

Characterization of domain distributions by second harmonic generation in ferroelectrics

Domain orientations and their volume ratios in ferroelectrics are recognized as a compelling topic recently for domain switching dynamics and domain stability in devices application. Here, an optimized second harmonic generation method has been explored for ferroelectric domain characterization. Combing a unique theoretical model with azimuth-polarization-dependent second harmonic generation response, the complex domain components and their distributions can be rigidly determined in ferroelectric thin films. Using the proposed model, the domain structures of rhombohedral BiFeO3 films with 71° and 109° domain wall, and, tetragonal BiFeO3, Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3, and BaTiO3 ferroelectric thin films are analyzed and the corresponding polarization variants are determined. This work could provide a powerful and all-optical method to track and evaluate the evolution of ferroelectric domains in the ferroelectric-based devices

Autoreactivity to Glucose Regulated Protein 78 Links Emphysema and Osteoporosis in Smokers

Rationale: Emphysema and osteoporosis are epidemiologically associated diseases of cigarette smokers. The causal mechanism(s) linking these illnesses is unknown. We hypothesized autoimmune responses may be involved in both disorders. Objectives: To discover an antigen-specific autoimmune response associated with both emphysema and osteoporosis among smokers. Methods: Replicate nonbiased discovery assays indicated that autoimmunity to glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone and cell surface signaling receptor, is present in many smokers. Subject assessments included spirometry, chest CT scans, dual x-ray absorptiometry, and immunoblots for anti-GRP78 IgG. Anti-GRP78 autoantibodies were isolated from patient plasma by affinity chromatography, leukocyte functions assessed by flow cytometry, and soluble metabolites and mediators measured by immunoassays. Measurements and Main Results Circulating anti-GRP78 IgG autoantibodies were detected in plasma specimens from 86 (32%) of the 265 smoking subjects. Anti-GRP78 autoantibodies were singularly prevalent among subjects with radiographic emphysema (OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.7–5.7, p = 0.003). Anti-GRP78 autoantibodies were also associated with osteoporosis (OR 4.7, 95%CI 1.7–13.3, p = 0.002), and increased circulating bone metabolites (p = 0.006). Among emphysematous subjects, GRP78 protein was an autoantigen of CD4 T-cells, stimulating lymphocyte proliferation (p = 0.0002) and IFN-gamma production (p = 0.03). Patient-derived anti-GRP78 autoantibodies had avidities for osteoclasts and macrophages, and increased macrophage NFkB phosphorylation (p = 0.005) and productions of IL-8, CCL-2, and MMP9 (p = 0.005, 0.007, 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: Humoral and cellular GRP78 autoimmune responses in smokers have numerous biologically-relevant pro-inflammatory and other deleterious actions, and are associated with emphysema and osteoporosis. These findings may have relevance for the pathogenesis of smoking-associated diseases, and development of biomarker immunoassays and/or novel treatments for these disorders