Effect of ethrel on phenolic changes during ripening of off-season fruits of mango (Mangifera indica L. var. Neelum)

The present investigation is aimed at studying the effect of ethrel on the ripening of off–season fruits of Mangifera indica L. var. Neelum. The control fruits were kept in the laboratory naturally while the experimental fruits were treated with different concentrations of ethrel (100, 200 and 300ppm). In control fruits, partial ripening led to incomplete metabolic changes, which did not alter the presence of sourness in the fruits. Hence, they were not fit to be eaten.  On the other hand, the fruits treated with different concentrations (100, 200 and 300ppm) of ethrel ripened on 13th day, 11th day and 9th day respectively after treatment. The colour changed from green greenish to yellow and the fruits were palatable in nature. The colour changed from green to greenish yellow to yellow. On the other hand, in the control fruits, partial ripening led to incomplete metabolic changes, which did not alter the presence of sourness in the fruits, and hence, they were not fit to be eaten.  All the studies were carried out using the peel and the pulp of fruit tissues individually and the following results were obtained during the process of ripening. The phenols decreased during ripening, both in the treated and control fruits. On the other hand, the activity of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and catalase increased. Among the different 100, 200 and 300 ppm ethrel treatments, the 200 ppm alone had the optimum effect on the ripening of off–season fruits of mangifera indica L. var. Neelum

Effect of ethrel on softening of off-season fruits of mango (Mangifera indica L. var. Neelum) during ripening

The present investigation is aimed at studying the effect of ethrel on the ripening of off–season fruits of Mangifera indica L. var. Neelum. The control fruits were kept in the laboratory naturally while the experimental fruits were treated with different concentrations of ethrel (100, 200 and 300ppm). In control fruits, partial ripening led to incomplete metabolic changes, which did not alter the presence of sourness in the fruits. Hence, they were not fit to be eaten.  On the other hand, the fruits treated with different concentrations (100, 200 and 300ppm) of ethrel ripened on 13th day, 11th day and 9th day respectively after treatment. The colour changed from green greenish to yellow and the fruits were palatable in nature. The colour changed from green to greenish yellow to yellow. On the other hand, in the control fruits, partial ripening led to incomplete metabolic changes, which did not alter the presence of sourness in the fruits, and hence, they were not fit to be eaten. All the studies were carried out using the peel and the pulp of fruit tissues individually and the following results were obtained during the process of ripening. The fruit firmness and pectin decreased during ripening, both in the treated and control fruits. On the other hand, polygalacturonase, activity increased.  Among the different 100, 200 and 300 ppm ethrel treatments, the 200 ppm alone had the optimum effect on the ripening of off–season fruits of mangifera indica L. var. Neelum

Physiochemical changes during different stages of fruit ripening of climacteric fruit of mango (Mangifera indica L.) and non-climacteric of fruit cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.)

The present investigation was made to study the ripening behavior of climacteric fruit of mango (Mangifera indica L.)  and a non–climacteric fruit of  cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) The different stages of fruit namely immature, mature, quarter ripen, half ripen, full ripen and over ripen were used for various analyses with pericarp tissues of mango and cashew apple fruits. Physio–Chemical parameters such as fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH. The fruit firmness and titratable acidity high at immature stage and low in over ripen stage. On the other hand, Total Soluble Solids and PH low at immature stage and high in over ripen stage

पिंजरा मछ्ली पालन पद्धति के इंजनीयरी और तकनीकी पहलू

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Successful seed production of Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, in India

Climate change is affecting farming systems worldwide. It is expected that the impacts will be disproportionately felt by small scale farmers who are already amongst the most poor and vulnerable members of the society. NACA’s efforts to map farmers’ perceptions and attitude towards climate change impacts and adaptive capacities to address these impacts in four Asian countries including the shrimp culture practices in India (CIBA-NACSA/MPEDA-NACA project) through the ‘Aquaclimate’ project is highly admirable. I hope the project will provide farmers with strategies to maintain their resilience in the face of climate change

Survival and growth of juvenile silver pompano Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801) at different salinities in tropical conditions

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the tolerance of juvenile silver pompano to different salinity conditions in order to determine the minimum salinity required for survival and also to study the effect of different salinities on survival and growth. Wild caught juveniles of the silver pompano Trachinotus blochii (average initial length: 4.38±0.44 cm, average initial weight: 1.6±0.09 g) were used in the experiments. The experiments were conducted in triplicate with 15 fish per tank. Control groups were maintained at 34±1 ppt. Juvenile silver pompano reared at ambient salinity (34±1ppt) were transferred directly to lower salinities (25, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3 and 1 ppt) and monitored for survival. Results indicated that the minimum salinity required for the survival of juvenile T. blochii is 4 ppt and 100% mortality was observed within 7-8 h in 1 ppt salinity. In another experiment, three salinity reduction protocols were followed and the three treatment groups were exposed to 25, 15 and 5 ppt salinity for a period of 56 days and the growth and survival were monitored. Survival and growth in terms of weight was not significantly different in the treatments from the control group except in the case of 5 ppt, which showed comparatively lower survival and specific growth rate (SGR). The results indicate that the culture of juvenile pompano might be feasible in salinities up to 15 ppt in tropical conditions

Successful seed production of cobia Rachycentron canadum and its prospects for farming in India

Availability of adequate quantity of high value marine finfish seed is the major prerequisite for initiation and expansion of finfish mariculture. Breeding and seed production of marine finfishes of high value have been expanding in recent years internationally. Large quantities of hatchery produced seeds meet the need for sea cage farming in many countries (Hong and Zhang, 2003). It is well understood that the first step towards seed production technology is the development of broodstock. Prior to 1980s, broodstock of finfishes were grown mainly in indoor concrete tank

Amyloodinium ocellatum infestation in the broodstock of silver pompano Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801) and its therapeutic control

A case of amyloodiniosis caused by infestation of the dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum in the silver pompano (Trachinotus blochii) maintained for broodstock development is reported. Grossly, erosion of the operculum and excessive secretion of mucus on gills was observed. Microscopic examination of gill filaments showed the presence of trophonts. Histopathologically, gills showed erosion and necrosis of the primary and secondary lamellae. The causative organism A. ocellatum was identified based on the clinical signs as well as gross and microscopic examinations. Among many treatment methods tested, dip treatment with chloroquine phosphate (500 mg per 100 l of water) or with low saline water mixed with Oodinol 1000 were found useful in healthy maintenance of silver pompano broodstock

First experience in the larviculture of cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1752) in India

Cobia aquaculture has been gaining momentum internationally and has spread to more than 23 countries, half of them in the Asia-Pacific region. Envisaging the prospects of cobia farming in India, broodstock development was initiated and the first successful induced breeding was achieved in March 2010. Larviculture was experimented in Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) tanks as well as Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) tanks and protocols were evolved. Green water technique employing the microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata was used. The critical stage for the larvae was from 5 to 9 days post-hatch (dph), when cumulative mortality reached around 90%. Enriched rotifers were fed from 3 to 10 dph and enriched Artemia nauplii from 9 to 18 dph. Weaning with larval inert feed was initiated from 18 dph and grading was carried out once in four days to avoid cannibalism. The study was conducted for 31 days and the final larval survival noted in the FRP and RCC tanks were 2 and 1%, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the specific growth rate of larvae in the FRP system was 30.1% of body weight per day, while the same in RCC tank was 28.3% of body weight per day. The low survival and specific growth rate of larvae in the RCC tanks could be attributed to the low densities of live feed maintained. The present experience indicated that cobia seed production can be successfully practised and by refining the methodology, the survival and growth can be enhanced to achieve commercial level fingerling production

खुले सागरों में स्थापित पिंजरों में कोबिया, पोम्पानो और ग्रूपर के अंडशावकों का पालन

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