Technical caveats in salvage robot assisted radical prostatectomy

Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Endoscopic removal of intrauterine contraceptive device embedded into detrusor muscle of urinary bladder: our experience of two cases

Migration of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) into urinary bladder is a rare event, presenting as irritative lower urinary tract symptoms; we present two cases of migrated IUD into urinary bladder and embedded inside the detrusor muscle of bladder. Both patients were assessed by ultrasonography and computed tomography. Both patients were successfully treated by endoscopic approach via per urethral route. One patient was having embedded vertical arm of IUD which was pulled using forceps and second patient was having embedded horizontal arm of IUD in detrusor muscle which was treated by taking mucosal incision with help of Collin’s knife followed by pulling IUD with help of forceps. There was no evidence of fistula or any other complication. We would like to conclude that endoscopic removal of IUD embedded into detrusor muscle is safe, feasible alternative to open surgery without any further risk of fistula formation

The clinical and financial implications of a decade of prostate biopsies in the NHS : analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics data 2008–2019

© 2020 Wiley. This is the accepted version of the following article: Tamhankar, A.S., El‐Taji, O., Vasdev, N., Foley, C., Popert, R. and Adshead, J. (2020), "The clinical and financial implications of a decade of prostate biopsies in the NHS: analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data 2008‐2019". BJU Int., which has been published in final form at https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.15062.Objective: To evaluate the clinical and financial implications of a decade of prostate biopsies performed in the UK National Health Service (NHS) through the transrectal (TR) vs the transperineal (TP) route. Methods: We conducted an evaluation of the TR vs the TP biopsy approach in the context of 28 days post-procedure complications and readmissions. A secondary evaluation of burden of expenditure in NHS hospitals over the entire decade (2008–2019) was conducted through examination of national Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data. Results: In this dataset of 486 467 prostate biopsies (387 879 TR and 98 588 TP biopsies), rates of infection and sepsis were higher for the TR compared to the TP cohort (0.53% vs 0.31%; P < 0.001, confidence interval 99%). Rates of sepsis have more than doubled for TR biopsies in the last 2 years compared to the previous decade (1.12% vs 0.53%). Infective complications were the main reasons for readmissions in the TR cohort, whereas urinary retention was the predominant reason for readmission in the TP cohort. Over the last decade, non-elective (NEL) readmissions seem higher for the TP group; however, in the last 2 years these have reduced compared to the TR group (3.54% vs 3.74%). The cost estimates for NEL readmissions for the entire decade were £33,589,527.00 and £7,179,926.00 respectively, for TR and TP cohorts (P < 0.001). Estimated costs per patient readmission were £2,225.00 and £1,758.00 in the TR and TP groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Evaluation of nearly half a million prostate biopsies in the NHS over the entire decade gives sufficient evidence for the distinct advantages of the TP route over the TR route in terms of reduced infections and burden of expenditure. In addition, there is a potential for savings both in upstream and downstream costs if biopsy is performed under a local anaesthetic.Peer reviewe

Mitrofanoff urinary diversion in a patient with cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood which result in huge socioeconomic costs. This children have a significant incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms. Clean intermittent self-catheterization is needed to avoid deterioration of renal function. But significant spasticity and resulting contractures of the adductors can interfere with the caretakers’ ability to provide perineal hygiene. Surgery in cerebral palsy affected child is challenging due to multiple associated comorbidities. The aim of this report is to describe quality of life and renal function for a mentally retarded child with cerebral palsy before and after Mitrofanoff diversion without bladder augmentation

Are we ready for urological subspecialty-based practice in India? The resident's perspective

Introduction: In the current era, every broad specialty has diversified into many subspecialties including urology, which is one of the most dynamic fields. The concept of early sub-specialization relies on excelling in a niche area of interest. While this concept is appealing to the most, no formal evaluation of our residency programs has ever been conducted with regard to their adequacy in terms of equipping residents to make informed sub-specialization choices. We performed a survey amongst urological residents, in an attempt to gather information on some unanswered questions related to our residency training programs and the concept of sub-specialization. Methods: Using the Delphi principles, we conducted a survey consisting of 46 questions, amongst the Indian Urological residents (n = 85), to assess the overall exposure to various subspecialties during their residency program, and the inclination of residents towards them. Results: Residents get a fair exposure to endourology, uro-oncology, female urology and reconstructive urology during their residency. However, the same did not hold true for pediatric urology, andrology and laparoscopic/robotic surgery. 90% of the residents expressed an inclination towards academic practice, while 76.5% were interested in sub-specialization. 60% of the residents felt that they had obtained adequate exposure during residency to make a decision in this regard. Less than 20% were inclined towards female urology, andrology or pediatric urology as a career option. Conclusion: There is a growing interest and inclination amongst Indian Urological residents to attain expertise in sub-specialised fields. However, our current residency programs need consolidated efforts to ensure an adequate exposure to all the aspects of Urology, especially in the subspecialties of pediatric urology, andrology and minimally invasive urology. Training should be optimized to a level, which enables the residents to take a well informed decision regarding their choice of subspecialised career path

Spontaneous large renal pelvis hematoma in ureteropelvic junction obstruction presenting as an acute abdomen: Rare case report

Patients with ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction can present with flank pain or hematuria. We present 20-year-old male presenting with acute pain in lumbar and right fossa with tenderness and guarding, this case was clinically mimicking general surgical emergency. On computed tomography with urography and angiography, there was 15 cm × 11 cm × 10 cm size non-enhancing hyperdense lesion (average Hounsfield units - +64) in right renal pelvis suggestive of hematoma. Patient's diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid diuretic renography was suggestive of right kidney glomerular function rate of 48.4 ml/min with the relative function of 43%, Peak to half peak was not achieved. The patient was managed by retrograde ureteropyelography and double J stenting. After 1 month, clot size decreased to 4 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm. The patient had undergone open reduction Anderson hynes dismembered pyeloplasty with the removal of pelvis clot after 6 weeks. We report the first case of UPJ obstruction presenting as an acute abdomen and spontaneous hematuria with large pelvis clot without rupture of the renal pelvis

Robot-assisted radical nephroureterectomy with extended template lymphadenectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: An outcome analysis

Introduction: Robot-assisted radical nephroureterectomy (RANU) with extended template lymphadenectomy (E-LND) is the leading treatment option for nonmetastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Due to the rarity of this disease, there is a lack of consensus regarding the best approach and the extent of lymphadenectomy. We report our technique and its initial outcomes from the retrospective evaluation of a prospectively maintained database of 11 consecutive cases of RANU + E-LND. To the best of our knowledge, our series represents the first published experience of this procedure from India. Materials and Methods: RANU was performed in 11 patients (including two patients with simultaneous radical cystectomy) with the da Vinci Xi system. Pelvic and upper ureteric tumors were operated without re-docking or repositioning, using the port hopping feature. For the lower ureteric tumors, the patient was repositioned and the robot was re-docked to ensure completeness of pelvic lymphadenectomy. E-LND was performed in all the patients as per the templates described in previous studies. Results: Median age was 67.5 years (range 52–71). Median console time and blood loss were 170 min (range 156–270) and 150 cc (range 25–500), respectively. Median hospital stay was 3 days (range 2–8). One patient developed paralytic ileus in the postoperative period (Clavien Dindo Grade 1). None had a positive surgical margin and the median lymph node yield was 22.5 (range 7–47). Median follow-up was 9 months during which one patient developed metastatic systemic recurrence. All other patients were disease free at the last follow-up. Conclusions: A robotic approach to radical nephroureterectomy with E-LND is feasible and safe and does not appear to compromise the short-term oncological outcomes as defined by lymph node yields and margin positivity. At the same time, it offers the benefits of minimal invasion and results in swifter patient recovery from this extensive surgery