Influence d'une infection expérimentale à Trypanosoma congolense sur la fonction sexuelle des béliers Djallonké et Sahéliens en zone subhumide

Influence of an experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection on the reproductive function of Djallonké and Sahelian rams in subhumid zone. To measure the effect of African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) on male reproductive function, eight 18-24 month old Djallonké (ID; 31.2 ± 2.95 kg) and Sahelian (IS; 41.7 ± 4.64 kg) rams were infected with 104 Trypanosoma congolense. Eight other Djallonké (CD) and Sahelian (CS) rams with similar bodyweight and ages were used as uninfected controls. Four weeks after infection, ID and IS were treated with a trypanocidal drug, while maintained under observation. The evolution of clinical parameters shows a higher aptitude of Djallonké than Sahelian to control the effects of infection. This interbreed difference in susceptibility to AAT was confirmed by the higher weight losses in IS (-31.3 g) when compared to ID (-12.8 g) as to CD and CS rams. The effect of a T. congolense infection consisted in a decreased libido in IS (33 s) when compared to ID (22.1 s) (P > 0.05). The results indicate a significant effect of breed on ejaculate volume (CS: 1.23 ml vs CD: 0.88 ml; P < 0.05). Otherwise, breed did not significantly affect the other spermatic parameters. CD sperm cells concentration (3,293.4 x 106.ml-1), total abnormality rate (15.3%), dead sperm cells rate (13.9%), mobile sperm cells rate (75.5%), individual (3.76) and mass motilities (3.94) did not differ (P > 0.05) from those of CS (respectively 3,481.7 x 106.ml-1; 17.3%; 12.4%; 74.9%; 3.77; 3.36). However, the later produced 26% more total sperm cells than CD (P > 0.05). The infection reduced ejaculate volume by 15.8 and 14.5%, (P > 0.05), production of total sperm cells by 18.2 and 13.3% (P > 0.05) and the rate of mobile sperm cells by 14.2 and 27.9% (P < 0.05) respectively for Djallonké and Sahelian rams. The results show a dysfunctional state of testicles due to the harmful effects of AAT infection, hence the increase in dead sperm cells by 69.8 and 74.3% (P > 0.05) and in the rate of total abnormal sperm cells by 23.6 and 24.1% (P > 0.05) respectively for ID and IS rams when compared respectively to CD and CS animals. Harmful effects often more pronounced in Sahelian breeds during this experiment could indicate a higher susceptibility of this breed to AAT in comparison with Djallonké. One Sahelian ram died two weeks post-infection and azoospermia was observed in another one six weeks after chemotherapy and the disappearance of parasites from the bloodstream

Traitements ethno-vétérinaires des parasitoses digestives des petits ruminants dans le plateau central du Burkina Faso

La présente étude visait d\'une part, à mieux comprendre les motivations des éleveurs à recourir aux méthodes traditionnelles de soins pour leurs animaux, et d\'autre part, à recenser les remèdes utilisés dans la région du plateau central du Burkina Faso. Elle s\'est déroulée de juin à octobre 2006 en deux étapes : i) une phase de groupe (focus-group screening) avec un formulaire-guide d\'entretien comme support d\'interview semi-structurées (ISS) auprès de 101 éleveurs et ii) une phase individuelle sous la forme d\'enquêtes formelles avec un formulaire administré successivement à 21 tradipraticiens vétérinaires reconnus compétents dans le traitement des parasitoses digestives des petits ruminants par la communauté des éleveurs. Les résultats ont montré que 50.5% des éleveurs utilisaient concomitamment la médecine vétérinaire moderne et celle traditionnelle pour soigner les animaux malades. Les tradipraticiens vétérinaires qui prestent pour ces éleveurs sont âgés en moyenne de 57,6 ans et sont analphabètes. Les remèdes traditionnels proposés pour lutter contre les parasites digestifs des petits ruminants de la région sont essentiellement à base de plantes locales (88,8%) composées de douze (12) espèces appartenant à neuf (9) familles botaniques. Leurs modes de préparation et d\'administration aux animaux sont décrits selon les dires des tradipraticiens enquêtés. Keywords: Pharmacopée vétérinaire; parasites digestifs; petits ruminants; région centrale, Burkina Faso. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences Vol. 1 (3) 2007: pp. 397-30

Synthesis and X-ray structure of the dysprosium(III) complex derived from the ligand 5-chloro-1,3-diformyl-2-hydroxybenzene-bis-(2-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone) [Dy2(C22H16ClN4O5)3]

The title compound [Dy2(C22H16ClN4O5)3](SCN)3(H2O)(CH3OH) has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined by single X-ray diffraction at room temperature. The two nine coordinated Dy(III) are bound to three macromolecules ligand through the phenolic oxygens of the p-chlorophenol moieties, the nitrogen atoms and the carbonyl functions of the hydrazonic moieties. The phenolic oxygen atoms of the 2-hydroxybenzoyl groups are not bonded to the metal ions. In the bases of the coordination polyhedra the six Dy-N bonds are in the range 2.563(13)-2.656(13) Å and the twelve Dy-O bonds are in the range 2.281(10)-2.406(10) Å. KEY WORDS: Dysprosium(III) complex, 5-Chloro-1,3-diformyl-2-hydroxybenzene-bis-(2-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone), Crystal structure  Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2003, 17(2), 167-172

Evaluation in vitro et in vivo des proprietes anthelminthiques de feuilles de Spondias mombin sur Haemonchus contortus des ovins djallonke

Depuis longtemps, la lutte contre les maladies animales s’est faite avec l’utilisation des molécules chimiques de synthèse. Cette lutte chimique est à l’origine du développement de résistance de certains agents pathogènes. Face à cette contrainte, de nouvelles méthodes de lutte sont envisagées. La présente étude se propose d’évaluer in vitro et in vivo, les propriétés anthelminthiques de Spondias mombin sur Haemonchus contortus chez les ovins Djallonké. Des tests biologiques des extraits éthanoliques et méthanoliques de la plante ont été effectués sur les larves L3 et sur les vers adultes de H contortus. Pour les essais in vivo, trois lots de brebis parasitées sont constitués : Témoin sans traitement; Lot 1 et Lot 2 recevant respectivement 1,45g et 2,9g /kg/animal de poudre de feuilles de S. mombin pendant trois jours. Les tests in vitro ont montré des valeurs significatives (p < 0,01) de la capacité des extraits de S. mombin à inhiber la migration des larves L3 (45 à 80 %) et à réduire la motilité des vers adultes après 30 heures d’exposition (77 à 100 %), comparativement au témoin de référence négatif (PBS). L’activité antiparasitaire des feuilles de S. mombin obtenue in vitro est confirmée in vivo sur les brebis. Les résultats des travaux révèlent que les traitements avec la poudre de S. mombin a permis une réduction de plus de 50 % du niveau d’excrétion des œufs chez les brebis traitées. Mots clés : Parasites, Haemonchus contortus, ovins Djallonké, Spondias mombin. Anthelmintic activity of Spondias mombin ‘sleaves against Haemonchus contortusFor a long time, the fight against animal diseases has been done with the use of synthetic chemical molecules. This chemical fight is at the origin of the development of resistance of certain pathogens. Faced with this constraint, new control methods are being considered. This study proposes to evaluate in vitro and in vivo, the anthelmintic properties of Spondias mombin on Haemonchus contortus of Djallonke sheep. Biological tests of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of the plant were carried out on the L3 larvae and on the adult worms of H contortus. For in vivo tests, three lots of parasitized ewes consist of: Control without treatment; Lot 1 and Lot 2 receiving respectively 1.45g and 2.9 g / kg / animal leaf powder of S. mombin for three days. In vitro tests showed significant (p < 0.01) values of the ability of S. mombin extracts to inhibit the migration of L3 larvae (45 - 80 %) and to reduce the motility of adult worms after 30 hours. exposure (77 to 100 %), compared to the negative reference control (PBS). It should be noted that, in general, the anthelmintic activity of S. mombin extracts is not influenced by the type of solvent used. The anti-parasitic activity of S. mombin leaves obtained in vitro is confirmed in vivo in ewes. The results of the work show that treatments with S. mombin powder resulted in a reduction of more than 50 % in the level of egg excretion in treated ewes. Key words: Parasites, Haemonchus contortus, Djallonke sheep, Spondias mombin

Allelic and genotypic frequencies of ASIP and MC1R genes in four West African sheep populations

In West Africa, consumers pay a major attention on the coat colour of the sheep due to religious and cultural reasons. White coated individuals reach selling prices up to three-fold higher than black coated sheep. The aim of this study was to ascertain the genotypic and allelic frequencies of MC1R and ASIP genes in order to assess possible implementation of breeding programmes focusing on the increase of the white coated sheep frequencies. A total of 113 individuals belonging to three Burkina Faso sheep breeds (Burkina-Sahel, Djallonké and Mossi) and one Niger sheep breed (Touareg) were genotyped for the MC1R and ASIP genes. The wild allele of the ASIP gene (Awt; 54.30%) was the most frequent in the four West African sheep, particularly in Burkina-Sahel (85%) and Touareg breeds (80%). The dominant black ED allele was not identified in Burkina-Sahel and Touareg. Most of the analysed individuals were homozygous for wild MC1R allele (E+/E+) with 100, 73.5, 59 and 100% frequency in Burkina-Sahel, Djallonké, Mossi and Touareg, respectively. The Awt/Awt was the most frequent genotype on the ASIP gene in the four West African breeds (80.53%). No individuals were homozygous for the deletion (allele Adel). Although, no routine methods for detection of the genetic basis of the recessive black coat colour patterns can be easily implemented, the current results suggest the feasibility of a selection programme aiming at decreasing the frequencies of the dominant black ED allele in Burkina Faso sheep breeds.Key words: Sheep, coat colour, MC1R gene, ASIP gene, Burkina Faso, Niger