Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters from Vermicompost of Eudrilus eugenae and Esienia foetida

In present investigation attempt has been made to investigate the physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature, moisture, salinity, nitrogen, electrical conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) from vermicompost of Eudrilus eugenae and Esienia foetida species. The shade of size 10x10 meter and height 1.98 meter was constructed for rearing Eudrilus eugenae and Esienia foetida species. The production of vermicompost was found better in Eudrilus eugenae than Esienia foetida

EVALUATION OF LEUCAS ASPERA WHOLE PLANT EXTRACTS FOR DIURETIC AND LAXATIVE PROPERTY

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was undertaken to investigate diuretic and laxative potency of Leucas aspera whole plant.Methods: The dried whole plant (leaves, stems, and flowers) material was subjected to extraction by continuous hot percolation method. Inevaluation of diuretic activity male albino rats were used as the experimental animals. The first group of animals, serving as control, received normalsaline (25 ml/kg, post-operative); the second group received furosemide (10 mg/kg, post-operative) in saline. Other groups received doses of extract(200-400 mg/kg) in normal saline. The parameters determined were total urine volume, the concentration of Na(chloride) in the urine. Na+ and K+ concentrations were determined by flame photometer, and Cl−+(sodium), K concentration was estimated by titrimetric method.Laxative activity was also studied using male albino rats. The animal groups were administered orally either with vehicle (1% Tween-80 solution innormal saline, 25 ml/kg), reference standard drug, agar-agar (300 mg/kg, post-operative) in saline or doses of extract (200-400 mg/kg). After 8 h ofdrug treatment, the feces were collected and weighed.Results: This study revealed that L. aspera whole plant extracts possesses significant diuretic and laxative activity in comparison with the standarddrugs. The activity may be due to the chemical constituent present in the plant parts. The further studies may be taken up to isolate these activeconstituents.Conclusion: L. aspera whole plant possesses diuretic and laxative property since it contains a variety of phytoconstituents.Keywords: Leucas aspera, Diuretics activity, Lipchitz method, Laxative activity, Furosemide, Agar-agar.+(potassium), and Clâˆ

A study to evaluate feto-maternal outcome of trial of labour in previous cesarean patients: a prospective observational study at a tertiary care centre in India

Background: Vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) is associated with shorter maternal hospitalizations, less blood loss and fewer transfusions, and fewer thrombo-embolic events than cesarean section (C-section). A 60 to 70% success rate of vaginal birth after previous C-section has been reported by many authors if the primary cesarean was done for nonrecurring indications the subsequent pregnancyMethods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Sassoon general hospital, Pune, India. The 100 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were studied. Maternal and fetal outcomes were analysed.Results: Out of the total 100 cases with previous C-section, successful vaginal delivery was possible in 65% cases. Most common reason for failed attempt to vaginal delivery was failure of labour to progress (40%) followed by failure of induction (28.6%) and non-reassuring FHR (22.9%). Out of the total 35 cases with gestation age over 40 weeks, 51.4% underwent C-section delivery as compared to 26.2% with gestation age of less than 40 weeks (p25, gestation ≥40 weeks and history of previous emergency CS while high success rate was seen with history of any vaginal deliveries. We thus recommend that pregnant woman with history of C-section should be given the option of trial of labour after caesarean (TOLAC), unless contraindicated

Applications of Support Vector Machines as a Robust tool in High Throughput Virtual Screening

Chemical space is enormously huge but not all of it is pertinent for the drug designing. Virtual screening methods act as knowledge-based filters to discover the coveted novel lead molecules possessing desired pharmacological properties. Support Vector Machines (SVM) is a reliable virtual screening tool for prioritizing molecules with the required biological activity and minimum toxicity. It has to its credit inherent advantages such as support for noisy data mainly coming from varied high-throughput biological assays, high sensitivity, specificity, prediction accuracy and reduction in false positives. SVM-based classification methods can efficiently discriminate inhibitors from non-inhibitors, actives from inactives, toxic from non-toxic and promiscuous from non-promiscuous molecules. As the principles of drug design are also applicable for agrochemicals, SVM methods are being applied for virtual screening for pesticides too. The current review discusses the basic kernels and models used for binary discrimination and also features used for developing SVM-based scoring functions, which will enhance our understanding of molecular interactions. SVM modeling has also been compared by many researchers with other statistical methods such as Artificial Neural Networks, k-nearest neighbour (kNN), decision trees, partial least squares, etc. Such studies have also been discussed in this review. Moreover, a case study involving the use of SVM method for screening molecules for cancer therapy has been carried out and the preliminary results presented here indicate that the SVM is an excellent classifier for screening the molecules

LC and LC–MS study for simultaneous determination of tramadol hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine in bulk and formulation with their major degradation products

AbstractThe present work was aimed to separate, identify and characterize the major degradation products of tramadol hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine. A rapid, specific and accurate stability indicating reversed phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed for simultaneous determination of tramadol hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine in bulk and formulation. The drugs were subjected to hydrolysis (acidic, alkaline and neutral), oxidation, photolytic and thermal stress, as per ICH guidelines. The separation, identification and characterization of major stressed degradation products were performed using high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (LC/ESI-MS) on a C-18 column. Tramadol hydrochloride was found to degrade in acidic and oxidative conditions while ketorolac tromethamine undergoes extensive degradation under oxidative, UV and acid hydrolysis stress.From the mass spectral data, probable structures were assigned to the degradation products. The identified major degradation product for tramadol under acid stress may be 1-(3′-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine. Ketorolac tromethamine was also found to convert in to numerous degradation products under oxidative stress

Ionic liquid catalyzed one pot green synthesis of isoxazolone derivatives via multicomponent reaction

459-464A series of 3-methyl-4-((3-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)isoxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives have been efficiently synthesized by environmentally benign, one-pot three component condensation of substituted 1,3-diaryl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxyaldehyde, β-keto ester and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in the presence of ionic liquid [HNMP][HSO4] as a catalyst in ethanol. These derivatives have been synthesized by conventional, ultrasound and microwave irradiation methods. The combination of ionic liquid with ultrasound as well as microwave irradiation makes the protocol fascinating and environmentally benign. In addition, it has several benefits such as simple work-up procedure, clean reaction profile, short reaction time and good yields

Prevalence of Helminthic Infection in Capra hircus L. from Ahmednagar District (M.S.)

The present study deals with the prevalence of helminthic infection in Capra hircus during period of July 2008 to June 2009 from Ahmednager district (M.S.). Out of 300 samples examined 255 (85%) found to be infected with the helminth parasites. The seasonal variation of gastro-intestinal helminthic infection shows the higher prevalence occurs in monsoon (95%) followed by winter (87%) and summer (73%) because of easy dispersal of larvae in pasture resulting is increased in contact with the host and the parasites. Among the helminth parasites found the maximum incidence occurs is of cestode parasites in all seasons (48.33%) followed by nematodes (26.66%) and trematode (10%) respectively

VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CEFIXIME AND MOXIFLOXACIN IN COMBINED PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Objective: To develop a simple, selective and rapid reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the analysis of cefixime and moxifloxacin in combined pharmaceutical dosage form as per ICH guidelines.Methods: The separation was achieved from C18 column at 350C with a mobile phase consisting of methanol: 0.05M heptane sulfonic acid sodium salt,0.5 ml THF and 0.5 ml TEA [75: 25 v/v]. pH-3.8 was adjusted with ortho phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min and the retention time was about 6.08 minutes for cefixime and 6.94 minutes for moxifloxacin. The method was selective to cefixime and moxifloxacin able to resolve the drug peak from formulation excipients.Results: The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 20-120 μg/ml (r2 = 0.999) for both drugs. The proposed method was found to be accurate and precise and linear within the desired range. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ)were calculated statically. Recoveries do not differ significantly from 100% which show there was no interference from the common excipient used in tablet formulation indicating accuracy and reliability of the method. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and found to be accurate, precise and rugged. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, LOD and LOQ.Conclusion: A novel, simple, selective and rapid reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the analysis of cefixime and moxifloxacin in tablets. Hence,the method can be used for the routine analysis in various pharmaceutical industries.Â