Association between Child-Pugh stages (A), presence of ascites (B), co-morbidities (C), seropositivity to ASCA/anti-OMP Plus™ (D) and the development of severe bacterial infection in patients with liver cirrhosis.

<p>Infection-free survival refers to the proportion of patients in the cohort without infection at a given time during the follow-up. A. Patients with Child C stage cirrhosis were at higher risk for developing severe bacterial infections compared to patients with Child A or B disease. B. Patients with ascites were at higher risk for developing severe bacterial infections compared to patients without ascites. C. Patients with co-morbidity were at higher risk for developing severe bacterial infections compared to patients without co-morbidity. D. Patients with multiple seropositivity were at higher risk for developing severe bacterial infections compared to seronegative ones.</p

Anti-microbial antibody levels in patients with cirrhosis with various levels of severity, as depicted either by Child-Pugh stages (A) or MELD score (B).

<p><b>A</b>. Individual values are shown by black spots. Mean values with standard error bars are indicated in blue. Cut-off values for positivity are 25 Units for all antibodies. <i>P</i><0.001 between all groups by ANOVA post hoc Scheffe for ASCA IgA and anti-OMP Plus™ IgA <i>P = NS</i> for ASCA IgG. <b>B</b>. MELD Q1-Q4 represent the groups of patients broken down by quartile: quartile1 patients have the lowest severity up to quartile4, representing patients with the highest level of severity. <i>P</i><0.001 between all groups by ANOVA post hoc Scheffe for ASCA IgA and anti-OMP Plus™ IgA <i>P = NS</i> for ASCA IgG.</p

Summary of Cox model: factors affecting time to first severe bacterial infection.

<p><i>p</i> value: level of significance; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.</p

Logistic regression: Predictive factors for severe bacterial infection in patients with liver cirrhosis.

<p>The coefficient is equivalent to the natural log of the OR; <i>p</i> value: level of significance;</p><p>OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.</p

Anti-microbial serological markers in patients with chronic liver diseases and healthy controls.

<p>AIH = autoimmune hepatitis, HCV = viral hepatitis C, PBC = primary biliary cirrhosis, PSC = primary sclerosing cholangitis.</p><p>*<i>p</i><0.001 between liver cirrhosis and chronic HCV, autoimmune liver diseases, healthy controls.</p>#<p><i>p</i><0.001 between chronic HCV patients and autoimmune liver diseases, healthy controls.</p>&<p><i>p</i> = 0.04 between PSC and healthy controls.</p>φ<p><i>p</i><0.001 between PSC and chronic HCV.</p>⊥<p><i>p</i><0.01 between PSC and chronic HCV.</p><p>by using Fisher's exact test or χ²-test with Yates correction if appropriate.</p

Anti-microbial serological markers in cirrhotic patients according to the absence or presence of ascites.

<p>*<i>p</i><0.01,</p>#<p><i>p</i><0.001 between cirrhotic patients with or without ascites by χ²-test with Yates correction and linear-by-linear association for serological responses.</p

Anti-microbial serological markers in patients with liver cirrhosis according to the disease severity depicted by Child-Pugh stages.

<p>*<i>P</i><0.001 for both by linear-by-linear association.</p><p>Child-Pugh stage were not available for 7 patients.</p