Research framework.

<p>Research framework.</p

Linear model of convergence adapted from [20]–[22],[65].

<p>Linear model of convergence adapted from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082609#pone.0082609-vonDelft1" target="_blank">[20]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082609#pone.0082609-Curran1" target="_blank">[22]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082609#pone.0082609-Curran2" target="_blank">[65]</a>.</p

Knowledge diffusion within the MN industry - Network of the main patents (coded company, patent number - application year).

<p>Visualization presents the backward citing between main patents of MN companies. This network visualizes those patents that are linked. Symbols indicate the 5 MN companies; The direction of the arrow indicates the cited patent.</p

Predominant CPC groups in MN patent literature.

<p>Predominant CPC groups in MN patent literature.</p

Categorization of MN industry convergence, adapted from [64].

<p>Categorization of MN industry convergence, adapted from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082609#pone.0082609-Pennings1" target="_blank">[64]</a>.</p

Front end of innovation activities in converging industries.

<p>Adapted from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082609#pone.0082609-Brring1" target="_blank">[26]</a>.</p

Food-Pharma dominates the domain convergence in MN - Selection of top 5 converging domains from 1989 up to 2013 in MN.

<p>Food-Pharma dominates the domain convergence in MN - Selection of top 5 converging domains from 1989 up to 2013 in MN.</p

Grouping of the technology pairs in the MN industry, Network graph of bidirectional and unidirectional impact within the MN industry (1984–2013).

<p>Grouping of the technology pairs in the MN industry, Network graph of bidirectional and unidirectional impact within the MN industry (1984–2013).</p

Table summarizing calculations of phase duration and transition probabilities for selected vaccine target disease areas.

a<p>+ Projects do not transition from clinical trial phase III to regulatory submission phase;</p>b<p>++ Projects do not transition from clinical trials phase II to clinical trial Phase III;</p>c<p>Standard deviation/year;</p>d<p>95% Confidence Interval for the mean duration/year;</p>e<p>Merger and acquisition, deals in US$ Million since 2004.</p

Combining the cumulative success rate with contextual factors.

<p>Combining the cumulative success rate with the contextual factors of disease burden and size of investment (indicated by the size of the bubble).</p