Potential and Management of Juvenil Payangka fish Ophieleotris aporos in lake Tondano

At this time, the nike fish in Tondano Lake has been exploited intensively in the great times.  The results show that the number of nike fishing fleets operating every  night during August 2017 fluctuated from 41 to 234 with an average of 108 fleet catchers. . Nike fish catches each month from 108 catchers are 1.2773 tonwith an individual number of 61.705.314.337,  If effectively the fisherman operate 11 month then the production of nike fish used by fisherman is 14.047 ton/year.            Fish payangka spawn throughout the year in declared with the the maturity level found gonado IV (ready to spawn phase).  The Gonad Maturity Index (GMI or IKG) shows the spawning peak in July 2017 (2.85 %  ale and Female 6.57 % and August 2017 (3.16 % male and 3.31 %).  Fecundity (number of eggs) on average each month varies based on time and location are 12.409 – 60.591 grain with an overall average of 25.613 grains.Keywords: Potential, juvenile fish, IKG, and Fecundity   AbstrakPada saat ini ikan nike  di danau Tondano telah dieksploitasi secara intensif dalam kala besar. Hasil pencatatan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah armada penangkap ikan nike yang beroperasi setiap malam sepanjang bulan Agustus 2017 berfluktuasi dari  41 sampai 234  dengan rata-rata 108 armada penangkap. Hasil tangkapan ikan nike setiap bulan dari  108  alat penangkap  adalah 1.2773 Ton, dengan jumlah individu sebanyak 61.705.314.337 . Bila secara efektif nelayan beroperasi 11 bulan maka produksi ikan nike yang dimanfaatkan nelayan sebesar 14.047 Ton / Tahun.Ikan Payangka memijah sepanjang tahun di nyatakan dengan ditemukan Tingkat Kematangan Gonad IV ( fase siap memijah). Indeks Kematangan Gonad (IKG) memperlihatkan puncak pemijahan  di  Juli 2017 (IKG Jantan 2.85 % dan betina 6.57 %) dan Agustus 2017 ( IKG Jantan 3.16 % dan betina 8.31 %).  Fekunditas (jumlah telur) rata-rata setiap bulan bervariasi berdasarakan waktu dan lokasi yakni 12.409 – 60.591 butir dengan rata-rata keseluruhan 26.613 butir.Kata kunci: Potensi, juvenile ikan, IKG,dan  Fekundita

Size Structure, Growth Pattern, And Condition Factor Of Red Lolosi Fish (Caesio chrysozona, Cuvier, 1830) From The Bay Of Ratatotok Subdistrict, Southeast Minahasa Tenggara District

The research was conducted in December 2016 in Totok Bay, Ratatotok Subdistrict, with the aim to know the size structure, growth pattern and condition factor of red lolosi fish (Caesio chrysozona). It is expected that this research can provide basic information to monitor the presence of these fish in the future, especially in the territorial waters of Ratatotok. The name of red lolosi fish is a local name in North Sulawesi. Fish with the scientific name Caesio chrysozona is commonly found around the coral reefs and shallow rocky coastal waters. Data were collected in the field by taking a random sample of fish from the catch of fishermen who are still in a fishing boat. The number of fish samples taken to be analyzed were 66. Based on the measurement of 66 individuals of red lolosi, the structure size is as follows: male (51 head) with total length of 180 mm - 259 mm, length of fork 153 mm - 216 mm, and raw length 135mm - 200 mm. While body weight ranges from 71.38 gr - 217.18 grams and females (15 fish) with a total length range of 196 mm - 243 mm, fork length of 165 mm - 209 mm, and standard length of 149 mm - 185 mm. While body weight ranges from 110.22 gr - 193.99 gr. The growth pattern of red lolosi fish both male and female is a negative allometric growth pattern (b <3) where the length of fish increase faster than weight gain. The condition factor of each individual male and female varies with the value of the male condition factor ranging from 0.8094 - 1.2547 and females ranged from 0.9668 to 1.0281. Because the value of K ranged 1 then the conclusion is that male and female of red lolosi fish have a less flat shape. This causes the loss of weight of fish due to the influence of food, age, sex and gonad maturity. ABSTRAK Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2016 di Teluk Totok Kecamatan Ratatotok, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui struktur ukuran, pola pertumbuhan dan faktor kondisi dari ikan lolosi merah (Caesio chrysozona).  Ikan lolosi merah adalah nama lokal di Sulawesi Utara, dan ditemukan cukup berlimpah di  sekitar terumbu karang dan perairan dangkal yang berbatu-batu di Teluk TotokPengambilan sampel di lapangan  dilakukan dengan metoda sampling yaitu dengan cara mengambil sampel ikan secara acak dari hasil tangkapan nelayan yang masih berada dalam perahu nelayan.  Jumlah sampel ikan yang diambil untuk dianalisis sebanyak  66 ekor. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap 66 individu lolosi merah, diperoleh struktur ukuran sebagai berikut: jantan (51 ekor) dengan kisaran panjang total 180 mm - 259 mm,.  Sedangkan berat tubuh berkisar dari 71.38 gr – 217.18 gr,  dan betina (15 ekor) dengan kisaran panjang total 196 mm - 243 mm, Sedangkan berat tubuh berkisar dari 110.22 gr – 193.99 gr.  Pola pertumbuhan ikan lolosi merah baik jantan maupun betina adalah pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif ( b < 3)  dimana pertambahan panjang ikan lebih cepat dari  pertambahan beratnya. Faktor kondisi setiap individu jantan dan betina bervariasi dengan nilai faktor kondisi jantan  berkisar 0.8094 - 1.2547 dan Betina berkisar 0.9668 - 1.0281

Cumulatif valuation of physic-chemical water quality from Tondano Lake, North Sulawesi

The research of  cumulative valuation  of physico-chemical  from Tondano Lake was conducted  in to  dry season on 2015.  The purpose  of the study was to  analysis of water quality of the Lake  such as Total Suspeded Solid (TSS), Total Disolved Solid (TDS), and Conductivity (DHL), as physical  parameters, and also chemical parameters such as  pH, Ca, Mg, K, SO4, Nitrogen Total, NH3, NO3, Phosfat Total, PO4, and Fe.  These were done by taking water sample on 24 location.The data were analysed by multivariate analysis with soft ware statistic R versi 3.3.2, and  Water quality analysis  based on  water quality criteria for  water environment, and Decree of Government Republic Indonesian No.82 /2001 about water quality management and water pollution control.Result revealed that  average and deviation standart  of phyco-chemical  parameters    are   TDS (mg/l)  192.0471 ± 94.1827, TSS (mg/l)  13.33 ± 4.8154 , DHL ( µmhos/cm)  317.833 ± 161.984, pH (6.8875  ± 0.2291), Ca (mg/l) 16.6667  ± 7.2284, Mg (mg/l) 14.7714  ± 0.3860, K (mg/l) 2.330  ± 0.4467, SO4 (mg/l) 5.685  ± 5.3366, Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 2.993  ± 5.3364, NH3 (mg/l) 0.2348  ± 0.8543, NO3 (mg/l) 5.3567  ± 7.0824, Total Phosfat (mg/l) 0.3333  ± 0.4821, PO4 (mg/l) 0.1130  ± 0.3315, Fe (mg/l) 0.11  ± 0.1901Principle Componen Analysis (PCA)  with  Eigen value (cumulative  % of variance)  62.68 %  explaining  10  parameter of physical chemistry water and 10 research location  as  reduction data from initial data.  Cluster analysis with  reduction data formed (1) The research location between Eris village and eceng gondok area, and fish Pond Eris village, the dominant variable were TDS, DHL, Nitrogen Total, and NH3.  (2) The research location in fish Pond Toulimembet  village, in front of  eceng gondok Urongo village, in front of eceng gondok Paleloan village, and in front of eceng gondok Roong village, the dominant variable were SO4, pH, and Mg,  (3) The research location between Kakas villages and eceng gondok area , Kaweng village and eceng gondok area, Kaweng village and eceng gondok area, Toulimembet village and eceng gondok area, and also fish Pond Kaima village,  the dominant variable were TSS, Ca, dan K.Tondano Lake has level of productivity from medium to high, and it is good for fish culture and fishery activity, prossed for drinking water, agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, and water power.Keywords :  Valuation, physical chemistry water, criteria   Abstrak           Penelitian tentang kumulatif kualitas fisik kimia air Danau Tondano telah dilakukan pada  musim kemarau tahun 2015.  Tujuan penelitian adalah (1)  menganalisis kualitas air Danau Tondano  yang meliputi  TSS, TDS, DH sebagai faktor fisika perairan , dan faktor kimia  yaitu derajat keasaman (pH), parameter fisika air danau yaitu Calsium, Magnesium, Kalium, Sulfat, Total nitrogen,  Amoniak, Nitrat, Total Phosfat, Phosfat terlarut, dan Besi (Fe).Sampel air di ambil pada 24 titik pengambilan sampel di Danau Tondano.  Pengambilan sampel air  pada kedalaman 20 meter dilakukan pada 21 titik atau lokasi penelitian,  titik pengambilan sampel pada kedalaman  5 meter, 10 meter, dan 20 meter.Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan  (1) Analisis multivariate dengan bantuan perangkat lunak statistic R versi R 3.3.2. (2)  Analisis kulaitas air dengan menggunakan kriteria kualitas air bagi lingkungan perairan, dan  Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 81 Tahun 2001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan pengendalian pencemaran air.Hasil analisis menunjukan konsentrasi  rata-rata dan stadar deviasi TDS (mg/l)  192.0471 ± 94.1827, TSS (mg/l)  13.33 ± 4.8154 , DHL ( µmhos/cm)  317.833 ± 161.984, pH (6.8875  ± 0.2291), Ca (mg/l) 16.6667  ± 7.2284, Mg (mg/l) 14.7714  ± 0.3860, K (mg/l) 2.330  ± 0.4467, SO4 (mg/l) 5.685  ± 5.3366, Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 2.993  ± 5.3364, NH3 (mg/l) 0.2348  ± 0.8543, NO3 (mg/l) 5.3567  ± 7.0824, Total Phosfat (mg/l) 0.3333  ± 0.4821, PO4 (mg/l) 0.1130  ± 0.3315, Fe (mg/l) 0.11  ± 0.1901. Melalui Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) diperoleh nilai Eigen 62.68 %  yang mampu  menerangkan varian indicator 10 variabel lingkungan dan 10 lokasi penelitian sebagai hasil reduksi data. Analisi kluster dari data reduksi membentuk 3 kluster yaitu  Kluster I di lokasi penelitian belakang eceng gondok Eris dan budidaya ikan Eris dengan variabel  dominan TDS, DHL, Total Nitrogen, dan amoniak.  Kluster II di lokasi penelitian budidaya ikan Toulimembet, depan eceng gondok Urongo, depan gondok Paleloan, Depan eceng gondok Roong dengan variabel dominan  SO4, pH, dan Magnesium.  Kluster III di lokasi penelitian belakang eceng gondok Kakas, belakang eceng gondok Kaweng, belakang eceng gondok Toulimembet, dan budidaya ikan Kaima dengan variabel dominan TSS, Ca, dan K.  Danau Tondano memiliki tingkat kesuburan perairan yang dikategorikan sedang sampai tinggi, dan layak bagi kegiatan perikanan, air danau dapat diolah menjadi air minum, keperluan pertanian, peternakan, perikanan, industri dan listrik tenaga air.Kata kunci: Penilaian, fisika kimia air, Kriteria