E-learning method in agricultural science

Az értekezés az elektronikus oktatás és számonkérés eszköztárának egy konstruktív adaptációját mutatja be egy szerver-kliens alapú, webes felületen megjelenő, saját fejlesztésű oktatási és vizsgáztatórendszeren keresztül. A technológiai fejlődés hatásának, az e-learning különböző megvalósulási formáinak, az elektronikus oktatás szabványosításának és a pedagógiai értékelés fejlődésének szakirodalmi áttekintése után a mű ismerteti a keretrendszer, a fejlesztői rendszer, az elektronikus tananyag, a vizsgarendszer és az adminisztrációs és elemző modul tervezésének, megvalósításának és alkalmazásának módszereit, lépéseit, tapasztalatait. A rendszer bevezetése óta több mint 3 ezer vizsga során rögzített részletes adatok elemzése fontos visszacsatolást jelent, melynek célja az oktatás hatékonyságának és színvonalának javítása. Az adatok feldolgozásán és elemzésén keresztül a szerző ismerteti a rendszer alkalmazhatóságát pl. a teljesítménymérés validálásával, a feladatsorok összeállításával (kérdések száma, sorrendje, időigény), a találgatások kiszűrésével, a hibás feladatok automatikus azonosításával, a javítások hatékonyságával, a fáradtság szerepével, a feladatok olvashatóságával, környezetvédelmi és költségvonzatokkal stb. kapcsolatos kérdésekben. An adaptation of the tools of e-learning and assessment is introduced through the development of a server-side, web-based e-learning and e-assessment system in the field of agricultural higher education. Following a summary of effect of technological progress, different forms and standards of e-learning, and evolution pedagogical assessment, the planning, development and usage of the developed framework, the authoring system, the progress of creation of learning objects and e-learning materials, the assessment system and the developed tools of administration and analysis are introduced. Based on the analysis of the detailed data of more than 3000 e-exams logged during the years of the application’s usage, used to improve the efficiency and quality of education, the author aswers questions regarding validity of assessment, compiling of tests (amount and order of questions, time used etc.), filtering out of guessing, automatic detection of wrong test items, role of exhaustion, efficiency of correction, readability, environmental and economic issues etc.d

Pre-Harvest Modelling and Mitigation of Aflatoxins in Maize in a Changing Climatic Environment—A Review

Aflatoxins (AFs) are harmful secondary metabolites produced by various moulds, among which Aspergillus flavus is the major AF-producer fungus. These mycotoxins have carcinogenic or acute toxigenic effects on both humans and food producing animals and, therefore, the health risks and also the potential economic damages mounted by them have led to legal restrictions, and several countries have set maximum allowable limits for AF contaminations in food and feed. While colonization of food and feed and AF production by A. flavus are highly supported by the climatic conditions in tropical and subtropical geographic regions, countries in the temperate climate zones are also increasingly exposed to AF-derived health risks due to climate change. In the present study, we have reviewed the available mathematical models as risk assessment tools to predict the possibility of A. flavus infection and levels of AF contaminations in maize in a changing climatic environment. After highlighting the benefits and possible future improvements of these models, we summarize the current agricultural practices used to prevent or, at least, mitigate the deleterious consequences of AF contamination

Visualization techniques in agriculture

This paper describes a dynamic map representation method which provides a flexible, spectacular and cost-effective opportunity for the illustration and description of spatial data due to its parametrability, web-based publication and the free sowftare it uses in multi-user circumstances. The tasks of the database serves and the processing were performed by an ASUS WL-500 G Premium v2 router and a 80 GB hard disk. The database contains the measured data of the nitrogen fertilisation experiment established on the Látókép Experiment Site of the Centre for Agricultural Sciences of the University of Debrecen. The tests showed that the generation time of the processor which was run through the router did not significantly increase. Therefore, the configuration developed by us is suitable for users who do not wish to invest into a large and expensive server, but they still want to view their data quickly and easily, as well as to reach them from anywhere. The available data were not sorted into a database which was performed with Quantum GIS in a way to have an optimum database structure which is adjusted to the expected areas of use and the expected running speeds were also taken into consideration. The processor which processes the database items was written in PHP language. The main role of the processor is that it produces a KML file real time which is suitable for viewing with a given map viewer client (e.g. Google Earth). This application makes it possible to view information related to geographical objects, values stored in the database or those calculated by the processor on a map in 2D or 3D in a versatile way