A study of marital conflict on measures of social support and mental health

Marital conflict tactics and social supports have been proven to predict health outcomes in couples. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of marital conflict tactics and social support on the general health of couples in Malaysia. It also aims to find out which type of perceived social support has a greater impact on an individual and his?her spouse?s mental health. A random sample of 399 participants from Selangor who were either married or cohabiting were used in this study. Characteristics of conflict tactics and perceived social support in relation to general health were assessed. The result shows a moderate correlation between the variables. This supports the hypothesis that the manner in which couples handle conflict has an influence on their mental health. Additionally, couples? ability to handle conflict is also related to perceived social support. This means that a person with a better conflict tactic scale and more perceived social support is more likely to have a better general health

Effects of family functioning and family hardiness on self-efficacy among college students

Family functioning has been related to numerous developmental problems. Although there are other factors affecting a student?s self-efficacy, this research focused on the effects of family functioning and family hardiness. The implications that family functioning plays a great role in shaping one?s self belief systems will help to emphasize the need to resolve a growing cycle of social issues. The objectives of this study is to find out whether family functioning and family hardiness will have an influence on students? self-efficacy and also to determine the level of difference in self-efficacy of male and female students. Participants involved in this study were made up of a random sample of 120 students from a few colleges in the state of Selangor. Results obtained from this research study showed that there is a correlation amongst all three variables used, namely, family functioning, family hardiness and self-efficacy are interrelated. In addition, the results also showed that more males than females have been categorized in the category of clinical group for family functioning and selfefficacy

Perceived social support, coping capability and gender differences among young adults

Perceived social support and coping capabilities are important predictors which give an insight into how different individuals deal with stressful situations in life. Studies have reported that different genders address the variables differently. Thus, this research aims to find out how well perceived social support predicts the coping capability of early adulthood. 300 respondents were tested with 2 scales: Perceived Social Support Scale which consists of Friend scale (PSS-Fr), Family scale (PSS-Fa), and Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (A-COPE). The age range of respondents was from 16 to 26 years old. Questionnaires were distributed to several secondary schools, colleges, and university students within the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The result indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between perceived social support and coping capability. In addition, perceived social support from family played a more important role in determining coping capability. Furthermore, it was found that perceived social support from females differed significantly from males in the analysis of t test. In addition, results also revealed that there were significant gender differences for young adult?s coping capability whereby females were generally better coping had capability, as compared with males

The relationship between perceived parenting styles and stress levels among Malaysian secondary school students

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and stress level among Malaysian adolescents. A final sample of 140 participants with equal number of males and females, with ages ranging from 13 to 16 years old were recruited. Data collection was conducted in two public secondary schools in Pahang. This survey included three instruments: Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ) and demographic questionnaire. The results showed mothers prefer authoritative parenting compared to fathers and that parenting styles are not related to adolescents? stress level. There was also no gender difference in adolescents? stress level in home-life, peer pressure and school performance. Recommendations for future studies and implications of study are discussed

Parental bonding and parent-child relationship among tertiary students

Parental bonding is an important predictor that gives a lot of insight into parent-child relationship. Studies have demonstrated the importance of parent child relationship for adjustment, ranging from attachment during infancy, indiscipline style during childhood and adolescence to parenting style during adulthood. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between parental bonding and parent-child relationship among tertiary level students in which gender and cultural effects were also taken into consideration. A survey with two valid inventories?Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI) and Parent-Child Relationship Survey (PCRS) was carried out on 160 tertiary level students from Selangor. Results indicate that stronger parental bonding promotes better parent-child relationship. Besides, females were found to have better parental bonding as well as parent-child relationship compared to males. From a cultural aspect, there is no difference among races in terms of parental bonding and parent-child relationship

Parenting Styles and Self-Efficacy of Adolescents: Malaysian Scenario

Parenting styles and its impact on adolescents psychosocial development has been an area of interest in the field of psychology Previous studies have revealed that parenting styles are correlated with adolescents self-esteem drug and alcohol use delinquency and academic performance This study aimed to investigate the effect of parenting styles namely authoritative authoritarian and permissive on adolescents self-efficacy level A hundred and twenty students served as participants for this study The mean age for the entire sample was 18 441 and had an equal number of males and females A single survey was administered and data on perceived parenting styles and ratings on self-efficacy were collected Correlation was carried out and results indicated that authoritative parenting style is highly associated with self-efficacy Regression result showed that authoritative parenting style contributes 12 8 towards student s self-efficacy However authoritarian and permissive parenting styles do not produce any significant relationship when associated with self-efficacy T-test comparison revealed a significant difference of self-efficacy among the males and females The male students demonstrated higher level of self-efficacy as compared to the females This study is significant because it allows helping professionals to gain a better understanding on the relationship between parenting styles and self-efficac

STATISTICS WITH SPSS FOR RESEARCH

This book consists of five chapters: Correlation, Regression, t – Test, ANOVA and Crosstabs Procedure with worked examples and review exercises. For the purpose of helping students to master the skills of this subject, step by step easy approach has been designed and adopted by the authors of this book. This is deemed as the best approach when the design of the content is structured and well-organized. Furthermore, a large part of the syllabus involves the mastery of manual mathematical calculation and step by step, direct instruction is the best approach in order to obtain an answer. In addition, for students who are not so good in math-logic reasoning and dealing with numbers, this method may enable them a sure way of obtaining the correct answer by following a set of given guidelines. Assessment is the process of evaluating the extent to which students have developed their knowledge, understanding and abilities. It involves determining what does the student know, understand, and can do with the knowledge gained from the lessons. For the purpose of evaluating whether the students have achieved the objectives of the chapters, exercises in form of assessments based on theory was used. In order to maximize the student’s learning capability, the authors took effort in providing extra exercises that cover the manual calculation and SPSS calculation for all different chapters. The Step by Step Leaning SPSS would also work as a good guide book that enhance the level of understanding of the concepts and enable students to execute the appropriate steps in coming up with the correct interpretation

Drug Abuse, Relapse, and Prevention Education in Malaysia: Perspective of University Students Through a Mixed Methods Approach

In recent years, there have been increasing accounts of illegal substance abuse among university students and professional groups in Malaysia. This study looks at university students’ perceptions about this phenomenon. Students from Malaysian universities were asked for their impressions about drug availability and abuse, as well as factors contributing to drug abuse and relapse. The questionnaire also inquired into their knowledge and views regarding government versus private rehabilitation centres, as well as their exposure to, and views about, school-based drug-prevention education. Participants were 460 university students from five Malaysian states: Penang, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Sabah, and Sarawak. Results showed gender differences in perceptions of relapse prevention strategies, as well as factors leading to drug abuse and relapse. Students also believed that drug education would be more effective if initiated between the ages of 11 to 12 years, which is slightly older than the common age of first exposure, and provided suggestions for improving existing programs. Implications of student perceptions for the improvement of current interventions and educational programs are discussed

Defending the genome from the enemy within:mechanisms of retrotransposon suppression in the mouse germline

The viability of any species requires that the genome is kept stable as it is transmitted from generation to generation by the germ cells. One of the challenges to transgenerational genome stability is the potential mutagenic activity of transposable genetic elements, particularly retrotransposons. There are many different types of retrotransposon in mammalian genomes, and these target different points in germline development to amplify and integrate into new genomic locations. Germ cells, and their pluripotent developmental precursors, have evolved a variety of genome defence mechanisms that suppress retrotransposon activity and maintain genome stability across the generations. Here, we review recent advances in understanding how retrotransposon activity is suppressed in the mammalian germline, how genes involved in germline genome defence mechanisms are regulated, and the consequences of mutating these genome defence genes for the developing germline