Response analyzers for sensors Patent

Response analyzing apparatus for liquid vapor interface sensor of sloshing rocket propellan

Fit to be tied : masculinity versus femininity in women's dress, social context, and perceptions of power in women

Includes bibliographical references.Previous studies have examined power associations with women’s business dress but little work has been directed toward the study of perceptions of power in conjunction with clothing for other social contexts. This study explores the association between masculine versus feminine styling in women’s dress and perceptions of power in women for professional business, formal social, and casual social contexts. A questionnaire was administered via a PowerPoint slide presentation to 57 university students. Subjects responded to 15 color photographic images of women dressed in outfits appropriate for the three social contexts with five images representing each context. Instrument items consisted of semantic differential scales measuring perceptions of power and masculinity versus femininity for the clothed images. Pearson correlation tests indicated that one of the casual social outfits and one of the formal social outfits showed a significant negative relationship between perceived masculinity and power.B.S. (Bachelor of Science

Fundamental rocket injector/spray programs at the Phillips Laboratory

The performance and stability of liquid rocket engines is determined to a large degree by atomization, mixing, and combustion processes. Control over these processes is exerted through the design of the injector. Injectors in liquid rocket engines are called upon to perform many functions. They must first of all mix the propellants to provide suitable performance in the shortest possible length. For main injectors, this is driven by the tradeoff between the combustion chamber performance, stability, efficiency, and its weight and cost. In gas generators and preburners, however, it is also driven by the possibility of damage to downstream components, for example piping and turbine blades. This can occur if unburned fuel and oxidant later react to create hot spots. Weight and cost considerations require that the injector design be simple and lightweight. For reusable engines, the injectors must also be durable and easily maintained. Suitable atomization and mixing must be produced with as small a pressure drop as possible, so that the size and weight of pressure vessels and turbomachinery can be minimized. However, the pressure drop must not be so small as to promote feed system coupled instabilities. Another important function of the injectors is to ensure that the injector face plate and the chamber and nozzle walls are not damaged. Typically this requires reducing the heat transfer to an acceptable level and also keeping unburned oxygen from chemically attacking the walls, particularly in reusable engines. Therefore the mixing distribution is often tailored to be fuel-rich near the walls. Wall heat transfer can become catastrophically damaging in the presence of acoustic instabilities, so the injector must prevent these from occurring at all costs. In addition to acoustic stability (but coupled with it), injectors must also be kinetically stable. That is, the flame itself must maintain ignition in the combustion chamber. This is not typically a problem with main injectors, but can be a consideration in preburners, where the desire to keep turbine inlet temperatures as cool as possible can make it advantageous for the preburners to operate as far from stoichiometry as can be tolerated. For some missions such as single stage to orbit, all of the above requirements must be maintained over a throttleable range, for example 5:1 to 10:1. Finally, the injectors must be ignitable during startup where pressures and temperatures are far from design conditions, and ignition transients must be minimized in order to avoid damage to engine components. In order to satisfy these various constraints, the injector designer must be able to perform design tradeoff studies, and it is important that this be done with minimal time and costs. In fact, it can easily be argued that reducing engine development time and costs is essential to maintaining U.S. competitiveness in space. The Propulsion Directorate of the Phillips Laboratory has invested in a number of programs to advance liquid rocket engine technology, and several of these are directed at improving design tools for liquid rocket injectors. The purpose of the presentation will be to describe some of these latter programs

Water-property distributions along an eastern Pacific hydrographic section at 135W

As part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, full-depth CTD/hydrographic measurements with high horizontal and vertical resolutions were made in June-August 1991 along a line extending from 34N to 33S at a nominal longitude of 135W with an additional short leg that connects it to the California coast roughly along 34N. The line spans the major part of the subtropical and intertropical circulation regime of the eastern North and South Pacific. The primary purpose of this paper is to present vertical sections of various properties from CTD and discrete water-sample measurements along this line and to give an overview of some important features as a basis for more comprehensive basin-scale studies. These features include: the frontal structures found in the surface-layer salinity field in the North Pacific; relatively high-salinity water that dominates the subpycnocline layer between the equator and 17N; troughs of the subpycnocline isopycnals for 26.8–27.5 σ found at 12N and 12.5S; a permanent thermostad at 9–10°C observed between 4.5N and 15N; the pycnostad of the Subantarctic Mode Water centered at 27.0–27.05 σ and developed south of 22S; two types of the Antarctic Intermediate Water representing the subtropical and equatorial circulation regimes; a thick tongue of high silica centered at 3000 m (45.8 σ4) and extending southward across the entire section; deep (2000–3000 m) westward flows at 5–8N and 10–15S separated by an eastward flow at 1–2S; and dense, cold, oxygen-rich, nutrient-poor bottom waters, which are associated with fracture zones and believed to represent the pathways of eastward flows into the Northeast Pacific Basin of the bottom waters separated from the northward-flowing western boundary undercurrent. This work once again demonstrates the usefulness of long lines of high-quality, high-resolution hydrographic stations such as the one described herein in advancing the understanding of the large-scale ocean circulation

Eighteen Degree Water variability

The Eighteen Degree Water of the western North Atlantic is formed by deep convection in winter. The circulation and changing properties of Eighteen Degree Water are studied using hydrographic data from a long time series at the Panulirus station (32°10\u27N, 64°30\u27W) and from the Gulf Stream \u2760 experiment...