The Association of Antioxidants Gene Polymorphisms (SOD2 Ala16Val, GPx1 Pro198Leu, GSTP1 Ile105Val, and Cat −21 A/T) and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Antioxidant gene polymorphism is one of the genetic risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence. AIM: This study was to analyze the association of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) Ala16VAl, glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) Pro198Leu, glutathione S-transferase Pi1 (GSTP1) Ile105Val, and Cat −21 A/T gene polymorphisms and risk of T2DM. METHODS: We genotyped deoxyribonucleic acid of 120 T2DM patients and 80 healthy control by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method, using a specific restriction enzyme. RESULTS: This study showed that the Val/Val of SOD2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM compared to the Ala/Ala+Ala/Val (p = 0.011; odds ratio [OR] = 2.220; confidence interval [CI] = 1.234–3.992). The TT genotype of Cat gene was also significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM compared to the AA genotype (p = 0.027; OR = 5.000; CI = 1.079–23.176) and TT genotype to the AA+AT genotype (p = 0,030; OR = 4.738; CI = 1.039–21.600). However, there was no difference in all genetic models of GPx1 Pro198Leu and GSTP1 Ile105Val gene polymorphisms (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the Val/Val under the recessive model of SOD2 gene also TT genotype under the co-dominant model of Cat gene and TT genotype under the recessive model of Cat gene were associated with risk factors for T2DM occurrence

The Polymorphism in Interleukin-6-597 G/A Gene and their Levels on Type 2 Diabetic Patients

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) pro-inflammatory cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory reactions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The -597G/A is one of IL-6 gene polymorphisms that are associated with the T2DM risk. AIM: This study aimed to observe the polymorphism in IL-6-597 G/A gene and their levels on type 2 diabetic patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IL-6 -597 G/A gene polymorphisms and levels were done in 80 type 2 diabetic patients. The levels of IL-6 were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Analysis of IL-6-597 G/A gene polymorphism was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The PCR products were cut by FokI restriction enzyme and then visualized with 4% agarose. RESULTS: This study showed that the genotype frequency of GG and GA was 97.5 % and 2.5 %, respectively; however, no A/A genotype shown in this population. IL-6 levels were higher in GG genotype group compare to GA+AA genotype group, with the association were significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study indicated that GG genotype was common genotype in the IL-6-597 G/A gene polymorphism and the polymorphism was significantly with the IL-6 levels

IbM PEMBERDAYAAN GURU DAN SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN DALAM PENANGANAN AWAL PENDERITA LUKA

Luka adalah suatu kondisi yang menyebabkan kerusakan atau hilangnya sebahagian jaringan tubuh disebabkan berbagai kemungkinan. Pada keadaan luka dapat terjadi perdarahan hebat, kesakitan yang luar biasa sehingga menyebabkan shok, kehilangan volume cairan tubuh bahkan terjadinya henti jantung. Penatalaksanaan awal segera penderita luka sangat diperlukan orang-orang terdekat penderita untuk mencegah kesakitan yang lebih parah bahkan kematian. Khalayak pondok pesantren yang mempunyai syarat mukim selama aktifitas kesehariannya di pondok sangat mungkin mengalami hal-hal yang menyebabkan luka.. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan khalayak pondok khususnya para guru dan santri pesantren Kwala Madu Binjai dan Ibadurrahman Stabat  dalam penanganan awal penderita luka. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Oktober 2017 dengan metode 1) Peninjauan lokasi daerah mitra, 2) Analisa masalah dengan wawancara beberapa guru dan santri mengenai pemahaman penatalaksanaan awal terhadap luka,   3) Penyusunan materi penyuluhan serta teknik pelatihan berdasarkan analisa wawancara, 4) Pelaksanaan penyuluhan dan pelatihan, 5) Evaluasi hasil kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan, 6) Penyerahan  bahan dan alat kesehatan yang dibutuhkan dalam penatalaksanaan awal terhadap luka ke pengelola Pesantren. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan guru dan santri dalam penatalakasanaan awal terhadap luka  Juga tersedianya bahan dan alat kesehatan yang dibutuhkan dalam penatalaksanaan awal terhadap luka untuk dipergunakan di pesantre

Balanced nutrition in elementary school children

Childhood is the critical age that determine the quality of children’s future nutritional status and their growth and development physically and mentally. Nutritional status is influenced by many things, such as nutrition intake, motor and psychomotor activity, and infectious diseases. The purpose of this community service is to increase the knowledge of teachers and students in balanced nutrition intake and the applicable methode to choose and to consume balanced nutrition so we can achieve the perfect nutritional status. The community service is held in June-December 2019 by doing 1)socialization about balanced nutrition in childhood, 2)explanation of how to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) per age, 3) demonstration of how to determine nutritional status by calculating BMI per age 4) classify the nutritional status that obtained from the calculation of BMI per age. The result of the community service is the average students have good nutritional status, but some students are obese which means bad nutritional status. The Evaluation result is the increase of knowledge and skills of students and teachers in calculating BMI and determining children’s nutritional status to increase children’s quality of growth and development

Correlation between Soil Transmitted Helminth Infection and Eosinophil Levels among Primary School Children in Medan

BACKGROUND: Soil Transmitted Helminth infection is one of most prevalent health problems worldwide, especially in environments with poor sanitation. Based on World Health Organisation (WHO) data, more than 2 billion people, or 24% of the world's population, are infected with intestinal parasite. The highest prevalence is located in areas of poor sanitation and unsafe water supplies. In Indonesia, the prevalence of parasite infections is 15% of the entire population.AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Soil Transmitted Helminth infection on levels of eosinophils among primary school children. In addition, this study also aimed to determine the prevalence of different types of worm infections and the levels of eosinophils in children infected with worms.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was analytic observational using a cross-sectional method. The sampling technique was consecutive and in total 132 samples was obtained. The study involved primary school children in Amplas Medan and Hamparan Perak, Deli Serdang through May to October 2016. Univariate analysis was performed to determine STH infection prevalence and bivariate analysis was used to find the correlation between STH infection and eosinophil levels through a Chi square (X2) test.  RESULTS: The results showed that the prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminth was 7.6%. The most common types of STH infection were 3.8% with Trichuris trichiura and 3% with Ascaris lumbricoides. A significant correlation was found between Parasite infection and eosinophil levels (Contingency Coefficient (C) = 0.2, X2 = 5.3, p = 0.021) and the risk of STH infection that caused eosinophilia or increased eosinophil levels in the children with a Prevalence Ratio (PR) of 1.56 (Confidence Interval (CI) 95%: 1.10-2.22).CONCLUSION: It is recommended that schools at similar risk improve and maintain hygiene and healthy behaviour in the school environment and that parents and teachers pay greater attention to the cleanliness of their children

Correlation between Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection and Serum Iron Level among Primary School Children in Medan

BACKGROUND: The latest estimates indicate that more than 2 billion people worldwide are infected by Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH). The burden of STH infection is mainly attributed to the chronic effect on health and quality of life of those infected. It is also contributed to micronutrient deficiencies such as iron-deficiency anaemia. The prevalence of worm infection in Public Primary School students in Medan was quite high (40.3%), and 33.3% was anaemic in the latest study.AIM: To determine the correlation between STH infection with serum iron (SI) level on primary school children, as well as to determine the prevalence of SI level and worm infection, and the type of worm that infects the most of them.METHODS: This study was conducted in the cross-sectional method. Consecutive sampling technique was used and a total of 132 students age 8-12 years old were included. The study took places in Public Primary School 060925 Amplas, Medan and 101747 Hamparan Perak, Deli Serdang throughout May-October 2016. Fisher Exact test was used to analyse the correlation between STH infection and SI level.RESULTS: The prevalence of STH infection was 7.6%, and low SI was 11.4%.CONCLUSION: There was no significant correlation between STH infection and SI level (P = 0.317). The prevalence of low SI level was not significantly dependent on STH infection (RP = 1.877, 95% CI = 0.481-7.181)

The Association of Cytokine Genes Polymorphisms (IL1β+3954 C/T, IL18-137 G/C, and IL18-607 C/A) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: The cytokine gene polymorphism is associated with the development of metabolic disorder conditions and infectious diseases such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and tuberculosis (TB) disease. AIM: The objective of the study is an attempt to examine the association of cytokine genes polymorphisms (IL1β+3954 C/T, IL18-137 G/C, and IL18-607 C/A) in T2DM-TB patients. METHODS: The cytokine genes polymorphisms (IL1β+3954 C/T, IL18-137 G/C, and IL18-607 C/A) were investigated in 46 T2DM-TB patients, 46 T2DM patients, and 46 healthy controls. Cytokine genes polymorphism was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value was calculated to determine the association between cytokine genes polymorphisms as the risk factor to T2DM-TB development. RESULTS: No association between genotypes and alleles of cytokine genes polymorphisms (IL1β+3954 C/T, IL18-137 G/C, and IL18-607 C/A) in T2DM-TB compared to control group (p = 0.434; OR = 0.373; 95% CI = 0.068-2.028 and p = 0.444; OR = 0.387; 95% CI = 0.073–2.046), (p = 0.833; OR = 0.915; 95% CI = 0.400–2.092 and p = 0.864; OR = 1.061; 95% CI = 0.541–2.078), and (p = 0.815; OR = 0.896; 95% CI = 0.357–2.246 and p = 0.882; OR = 0.957; 95% CI = 0.534–1.715). This study also found no association between genotypes and alleles of cytokine genes polymorphisms (IL1β+3954 C/T, IL18-137 G/C, and IL18-607 C/A) with T2DM-TB compared to T2DM group (p = 1; OR = 0.652; 95% CI = 0.104–4.094 and p = 1; OR = 0.659; 95% CI = 0.108–4.041), (p = 0.189; OR = 1.786; 95% CI = 0.749–4.262 and p = 0.098; OR = 1.857; 95% CI = 0.887–3.889), and (p = 0.374; OR = 1.488; 95% CI = 0619–3.579 and p = 0.365; OR = 1.316; 95% CI=0.727–2.382). CONCLUSION: There is no association of the cytokine genes polymorphisms (IL1β+3954 C/T, IL18-137 G/C, and IL18-607 C/A) in T2DM-TB compared to control and T2DM groups, and all cytokine genes polymorphisms not as the risk factor to T2DM-TB development in this population

The Relationship of Consumption Purin-rich foods to the incident of Hyperuricemia in the Elderly at Hisosu Nursing Home In Binjai: The Relationship of Consumption Purin-rich foods to the incident of Hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia is an increase in blood uric acid levels. In the elderly cell damage occurs due to the aging process which can result in organ weakness, physical damage and various diseases such as increased uric acid levels. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between purine intake and the incidence of hyperuricemia in the elderly at the HISOSU Binjai nursing home. This research was conducted with an observational analytic research design using a cross sectional study. Samples were selected using the total sampling method and adjusted for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data taken by weighing and recording food (in 1 day) Then assess respondent uric acid levels. This is done 3 times in the HISOSU Binjai nursing home. There are 32 research samples. Samples that experienced hyperuricemia as much as 40.6%, most of them consuming moderate-category purine source protein. The results of the chi-square test Pearson chi-squared t-test was 16.453 and p value < 0.001 (<0.05), it can be concluded as consumption of purine source protein associated with the incidence of hyperuricemia. The higher the purine intake, the greater the chance of getting hyperuricemia

Soil Transmitted Helminth Infections in Medan: a cross-sectional study of the correlation between the infection and nutritional status among elementary school children

Background . Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) infections are a major public health problem that affects more than two billion people around the world. These infections are the cause of children’s under nutrition, especially among school-aged children. Objectives. To assess the correlation between the presence of STH infections and nutritional status among elementary school children in Medan, Indonesia. Material and methods . We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study involving students from the public elementary school 060925 Medan in September 2015. The study participants were chosen by the total sampling technique and according to predetermined inclusion criteria (80 students from third and fourth grades). Univariate analysis was performed to determine STH infection prevalence, and bivariate analysis was used to find the correlation between STH infections and eosinophil levels through the chi-square (χ2) test. Results . We found that the prevalence of STH among study subjects was 40%, and 26 students (32.5%) were underweight. The most common types of worm infections were Ascaris lumbricoides (25.0%), Trichuris trichiura (11.2%) and mixed infections (3.8%). A significant correlation was found between the presence of STH infection and underweight nutritional status (C = 0.24; χ2 = 5.02; p = 0.025) and the risk of STH infection and nutritional status in children with a prevalence ratio (PR) of 2.05 (CI 95%: 1.08–3.87). Conclusions . The presence of STH infection in children is strongly influenced by their hygiene practices. Small clinics and student healthcare units should play an active role in conducting periodic assessment of children’s nutritional status and in providing them with information on STH symptoms and prevention