Continuous-Wave Diode-Pumped Laser Action Of Nd\u3csup\u3e3+\u3c/sup\u3e-Doped Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass

Laser action of the photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass, which is the photosensitive material for holographic recording of volume Bragg gratings (VBGs), was demonstrated for the first time by introducing Nd3+. Nd:PTR glass has a bandwidth of 27:8nm and 16:0nm for luminescence and absorption, respectively. An uncoated 2mm thick Nd:PTR element generated cw laser output of 124mW, with a slope efficiency of 25%, by laser diode pumping. This Nd:PTR glass also performed wide bandwidth laser action at 1053:9-1063:3nm, where the decrease of the pump-absorption efficiency was held off below 30%, even under a 3:5nm shift of pump wavelength from its absorption center. © 2011 Optical Society of America

Laser Oscillation Of Nd\u3csup\u3e3+\u3c/sup\u3e-Doped Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass Under Diode Laser Pumping

Laser oscillation of Nd3+-doped photo-thermo-refractive glass (Nd:PTR) were examined for the first time. We confirmed that laser efficiency of Nd:PTR is stable even with wavelength shift of pump source due to its wide absorption bandwidth. © 2010 Optical Society of America

Laser Oscillation Of Nd\u3csup\u3e3+\u3c/sup\u3e -Doped Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass Under Diode Laser Pumping

Laser oscillation of Nd3+-doped photo-thermo-refractive glass (Nd:PTR) were examined for the first time. We confirmed that laser efficiency of Nd:PTR is stable even with wavelength shift of pump source due to its wide absorption bandwidth. © 2010 Optical Society of America

Study protocol for single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial to clarify the preventive efficacy of electrical stimulation for muscle atrophy after trauma

Abstract Background Management of trauma involves long-term bed rest even when muscle strength in the lower extremities is preserved. Prolonged bed rest reduces muscle mass and causes muscle atrophy. A recent study reported the efficacy of rehabilitation using electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) for muscle strength maintenance in intensive care unit patients with disturbance of consciousness. However, despite the expected benefits of EMS in maintaining muscle strength, little is known about its efficacy in trauma patients. Methods/design A single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial of 40 patients with pelvic fracture to test the effectiveness of 14 days of EMS. The primary outcome will be change in cross-sectional area of the thigh muscle between pre and post intervention, as measured on computed tomography images. We will analyze the primary endpoint by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and analyze the secondary endpoints in an exploratory manner. Conclusion If our hypothesis is confirmed, this study will provide evidence that the use of EMS can be effective in preventing muscle atrophy. Trial registration UMIN registration number: UMIN000030190. Registered on 1 December 2017