Cultura y consumo de energía en el sector residencial de Montevideo, Uruguay

La ponencia presenta los resultados del abordaje cualitativo para el estudio del consumo de energía exosomática en hogares de Montevideo, capital del Uruguay. Veinticuatro hogares de distintos niveles socio-económicos fueron entrevistados en sus viviendas y se realizó un análisis del corpus de información de acuerdo a clusters de prácticas energéticas para higiene humana, cocción y acondicionamiento térmico. Los resultados muestran una tipología de tres perfiles de hogares según sus prácticas, actitudes y discursos acerca del consumo energético: energo-devoradores, energo-vigilantes y energo-austeros. Junto a las diferencias, fuertemente influenciadas por la acequibilidad a la energía, existe una cultura energética hegemónica sedimentada en el último tercio del Siglo XX que comienza a incluir también el más reciente idioma de sustentabilidad ambiental.This presentation shows the outcomes of a qualitative approach for studying energy consumption at household level in Montevideo, capital city of Uruguay. Interviews to 24 households of different monetary income were made at their houses. Analysis was carried out according to the definition of three main clusters of energy practices, namely: human hygiene, cooking and thermical conditionning. Results show three profiles among households: energy-voracious; energy-cautios; and energy-ascetic. Along with differences, strongly based on acequibility to energy, there is an hegemonic energy culture sedimented throghout the last quarter of the XX Century which nevertheless has increasingly included a sustainability idiom.Fil: Taks, Javier. Universidad de La República (Uruguay

A Theoretical Comparison of the Economic Impact of Large and Small Events

In response to the increasing debate on the relative worth of small events compared to large events, we create a theoretical model to determine whether smaller events are more likely to create positive economic impact. First, event size and city size are redefined as continuums of resources. The concepts of event resource demand (ERD) and city resource supply (CRS) are introduced, allowing for a joint analysis of supply and demand. When local economic conditions are brought into the analysis, the framework determines how a city resource deficiency or surplus affects the economic impact of an event. This resource-based approach assists public officials and event organizers in making more rational decisions for hosting events when they pursue positive economic impacts. Specifically, we find small events have a higher potential for positive economic impact and hosting multiple smaller-sized events is a better strategy than hosting a big event

Participants\u27 Experiences in Two Types of Sporting Events: A Quest for Evidence of the SL-CL Continuum

The dichotomy of serious leisure (SL) and casual leisure (CL) has significant limitations, leaving some leisure experiences unexplained. The SL-CL continuum proposed by Shen and Yarnal (2010) aims at filling this gap by providing a description based on behavioral commitment. We present evidence supporting the SL-CL continuum obtained by comparing participants in two different types of sporting events: an international/major and a national/minor event. Quantitative data on leisure motives and identity, corresponding to four SL and two CL characteristics, were collected from self-administered questionnaires. Both samples reported moderate to high intensities across the characteristics. However, international/major participants were more serious and national/minor participants more casual in their leisure experience. Participants were not effectively described in terms of the SL-CL dichotomy

Canadian national sport organisations’ use of the web for relationship marketing in promoting sport participation

Sport participation development requires a systematic process which involves knowledge creation, dissemination and interactions between National Sport Organisations, participants, clubs and associations as well as other agencies. Using a relationship marketing approach (Grönroos, 1997, Gummesson, 2002, Olkkonen, 1999), this paper addressed the question ‘How do Canadian NSOs use the Web, in terms of functionality and services offered, to create and maintain relationships with sport participants and their sport delivery partners?’ Ten Canadian NSOs’ websites were examined: functionality was analysed using Burgess and Cooper’s (2000) eMICA model, while NSOs’ utilisation of the Internet to establish and maintain relationships with sport participants was analysed using Wang, Head and Archer’s (2000) relationship-building process model for the Web. It was found that Canadian NSOs were receptive to the use of the Web, but their information-gathering and dissemination activities, which make-up the relationship-building process, appear sparse, and in some cases are lagging behind the voluntary sector in the country

Coping with recession in the ski-industry: A suppliers’ and consumers’ perspective

The current study explores the impact of the recession on the ski industry based on interviews with suppliers in two ski resorts (n=10) as well as ski travel agencies (n=8). Subsequently, Flemish ski tourists (n=252) were surveyed about changes in their behavior towards ski vacations from 2008 to 2011, taking into account their socio-cultural background as well their level of ski/snowboard participation. Both studies reveal a decline in ski tourism during the years under investigation. The impact of the recession varies according to the type of sports provider. The impact of the recession on ski vacations is more prevalent for some groups in society (e.g., households with no children, more financial constraints, lower professional status, younger people), regardless if one is a highly motivated and/or experienced skier. This paper contributes to socio-economic theory related to the ski tourism industry and assists suppliers to identify strategies to overcome hurdles during a recession

A Theoretical Comparison of the Economic Impact of Large and Small Events

In response to the increasing debate on the relative worth of small events compared to large events, we create a theoretical model to determine whether smaller events are more likely to create positive economic impact. First, event size and city size are redefined as continuums of resources. The concepts of event resource demand (ERD) and city resource supply (CRS) are introduced, allowing for a joint analysis of supply and demand. When local economic conditions are brought into the analysis, the framework determines how a city resource deficiency or surplus affects the economic impact of an event. This resource-based approach assists public officials and event organizers in making more rational decisions for hosting events when they pursue positive economic impacts. Specifically, we find small events have a higher potential for positive economic impact and hosting multiple smaller-sized events is a better strategy than hosting a big event

Modeling resident spending behavior during sport events: Do residents contribute to economic impact?

The role of residents in the calculation of economic impact remains a point of contention. It is unclear if changes in resident spending caused by an event contribute positively, negatively, or not at all. Building on previous theory we develop a comprehensive model that explains all 72 possible behaviors of residents based on changes in (a) spending, (b) multiplier, (c) timing of expenditures, and (d) geographic location of spending. Applying the model to Super Bowl 50 indicates that few residents were affected, positive and negative effects were relatively equivalent, thus their overall impact is negligible. This leaves practitioners the option to engage in the challenging process of gathering data on all four variables on all residents or to revert back to the old model of entirely excluding residents from economic impact. From a theoretical perspective, there is a pressing need to properly conceptualize the time variable in economic impact studies