Modifying the Recess Before Lunch Program: A Pilot Study in Kaneohe Elementary School

Moving recess before lunch (RBL), though a simple schedule change, may provide many benefits for both students and elementary schools. Having recess before lunch has been shown to decrease plate waste (Bergman, et al., 2003; Gettlinger, 1996; Montana OPI, 2003; Ruppenthal & Hogue, 1977), and may improve discipline problems. The RBL schedule change has not previously been implemented in Hawai‘i schools. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a modified version of RBL into elementary schools in Hawai‘i . The modified version of RBL allows for implementation into a three-bell lunch system, a system used by many elementary schools in Hawai‘i. A one-grade-per-lunch period RBL switch was assessed among 6th grade students for 1) shorter lunch line wait, 2) increased access to recess equipment 3) decrease in conduct-related referrals, and 4) moderate decrease in food and milk waste for the affected grade(s). Results indicate a significant decrease in lunch line wait, a decrease in discipline referrals, and a slight non-significant decrease in lunch waste. Additional comments from administrators and teaching staff indicate positive changes in student behavior on the playground, in the cafeteria, and in the classroom. One major finding was the reduction in discipline problems after the implementation of RBL, as seen in both the quantitative referral counts and qualitative teacher and administrator questionnaires. The positive results of this study support further implementation of RBL into schools in Hawai‘i. Kaneohe Elementary School has continued to apply recess before lunch to the sixth grade lunch periods and is considering further implementation into other grades. The Hawai‘i Action for Healthy Kids team plans to approach more schools in Hawai‘i about using the modified recess before lunch program

Examining college students' reactions to three anti-smoking message approaches : humor, psychological reactance, and fear appeals

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-85).ix, 85 leaves, bound ill., forms 29 cmThe young adult population, defined as persons between the ages of 18-24, includes the youngest legal targets of tobacco industry marketing and is often overlooked by public health efforts. The primary goal of this study was to examine how 18-24 year old college students process three popular anti-smoking message appeals (fear, humor, and reactance to industry manipulation). Previous research has examined youth and general adult reactions to these three anti-smoking message approaches; however, this study extended this body of research by specifically targeting 18-24 year old college students. The proposed processes were tested using a repeated measures design. Results showed that all three message approaches influenced attitude about smoking; however, no message approach affected changes in behavior intention. Study limitations were discussed and future directions were suggested