62 research outputs found
Precision for binary measurement methods and results under beta-binomial distributions
To handle typical problems from fields dealing with biological responses,
this study develops a new statistical model and method for analysing the
precision of binary measurement methods and results from collaborative studies.
The model is based on beta-binomial distributions. In other words, we assume
that the sensitivity of each laboratory obeys a beta distribution and the
binary measurement results under a given sensitivity follow a binomial
distribution. We propose the key precision indicators of repeatability and
reproducibility for the model and derive their unbiased estimates. We further
propose a confidence interval for repeatability by applying the Jeffreys
interval, which utilizes the assumption of beta distributions for sensitivity.
Moreover, we propose a statistical test for determining laboratory effects,
using simultaneous confidence intervals based on the confidence interval of
each laboratory's sensitivity. Finally, we apply the proposed method to
real-world examples in the fields of food safety and chemical risk assessment
and management
Identification of RNA biomarkers for chemical safety screening in mouse embryonic stem cells using RNA deep sequencing analysis
Although it is not yet possible to replace in vivo animal testing completely, the need for a more efficient method for toxicity testing, such as an in vitro cell-based assay, has been widely acknowledged. Previous studies have focused on mRNAs as biomarkers; however, recent studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are also efficient novel biomarkers for toxicity testing. Here, we used deep sequencing analysis (RNA-seq) to identify novel RNA biomarkers, including ncRNAs, that exhibited a substantial response to general chemical toxicity from nine chemicals, and to benzene toxicity specifically. The nine chemicals are listed in the Japan Pollutant Release and Transfer Register as class I designated chemical substances. We used undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) as a simplified cell-based toxicity assay. RNA-seq revealed that many mRNAs and ncRNAs responded substantially to the chemical compounds in mESCs. This finding indicates that ncRNAs can be used as novel RNA biomarkers for chemical safety screening
A GAME-THEORETICAL MEANING OF UNSTABLE STATIONARY POINTS IN THE REPLICATOR DYNAMICS OF ASYMMETRIC TWO-PERSON GAMES
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