Risk assessment of non-carcinogenic effects of lead, cadmium, and zinc consumption of Cyprinus carpio from Chagakhor wetland

Given adverse impacts of heavy metals in the human body, sensitivity and importance are the monitoring of food products. In this regard, investigation of heavy metals concentration and health risk assessment in Cheghakhor Wetland has been momentous. In the present research, to determine heavy metals concentrations in edible parts of fish, a number of 45 specimens of common carps were digested the heavy metals concentrations were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.  According to the results, carp condition factor did not follow standards released for freshwater fish so that daily and weekly heavy metals uptake were significantly lower than PTDI and PTWI value. At the same time, a significant negative correlation between Pb and Cd and a significant positive correlation between length and condition factor with 99% probability level was found. Risk assessment on non-carcinogenicity showed the highest and lowest THQ in Zn and Cd respectively, the same was the case for TTHQ formation and TTHQ for none of the heavy metals was not >1. Also, the maximum allowable level for children and adults consumption showed a descending trend in heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Zn. Mean's comparison of heavy metals with released standards and literature review indicated low concentration of these metals. This is promising to ensure on consumption of Cheghakhor Wetland common carps and its Non-Carcinogenicity risk

Detection Rate of 18F-Fluorethylcholine-PET/CT in relation to PSA Value in PCA Patients Referred with Biochemical Relapse

Attempts to predict the likelihood of positive morphological imaging related with PSA value in patients referred with biochemical recurrence were the focus of many studies. Using nuclear medicine modalities, numerous studies likewise had been performed for the same purpose, however mostly using C-11-labeled choline. For this purpose, we selected 193 prostate cancer patients from our database between 2006 and 2010. They had been referred to our department to undergo 18F-fluorethylcholine (FECH)-PET/CT due to biochemical recurrence after potentially curative procedures. As a result, in 84 out of 193 patients, 18F-FECH-PET demonstrated positive findings with an overall detection rate of 44%. Statistically, there was a significant difference in PSA values in positive findings vs. negative findings (p70%) after radiation therapy alone. By contrast, patients after radical prostatectomy followed by salvage radiotherapy showed a low likelihood of local recurrence. In conclusion, PSA value was confirmed to have a determinant role in 18F-FECH-PET outcome. Moreover, there was a link between recurrence type and initial therapy, which—if prospectively confirmed—may play a guiding role in selecting the appropriate diagnostic methods

Design and evaluation of a miniature laser speckle imaging device to assess gingival health.

Current methods used to assess gingivitis are qualitative and subjective. We hypothesized that gingival perfusion measurements could provide a quantitative metric of disease severity. We constructed a compact laser speckle imaging (LSI) system that could be mounted in custom-made oral molds. Rigid fixation of the LSI system in the oral cavity enabled measurement of blood flow in the gingiva. In vitro validation performed in controlled flow phantoms demonstrated that the compact LSI system had comparable accuracy and linearity compared to a conventional bench-top LSI setup. In vivo validation demonstrated that the compact LSI system was capable of measuring expected blood flow dynamics during a standard postocclusive reactive hyperemia and that the compact LSI system could be used to measure gingival blood flow repeatedly without significant variation in measured blood flow values (p<0.05). Finally, compact LSI system measurements were collected from the interdental papilla of nine subjects and compared to a clinical assessment of gingival bleeding on probing. A statistically significant correlation (?=0.53; p<0.005) was found between these variables, indicating that quantitative gingival perfusion measurements performed using our system may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of periodontal disease

A randomized double‐blind clinical trial evaluating comparative plaque and gingival health associated with commercially available stannous fluoride‐containing dentifrices as compared to a sodium fluoride control dentifrice

BackgroundGingivitis is a non-specific inflammatory lesion in response to the accumulation of oral biofilm and is a necessary precursor to periodontitis. Enhanced oral hygiene practices, including utilization of a dentifrice that could significantly improve plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation, is desirable to prevent and treat gingivitis and potentially prevent progression to periodontitis. This clinical study aimed to investigate the effect of a new stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice with 2.6% ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as an anti-tartar agent to reduce plaque index and gingival index over a 3-month study period compared to other commercially-available fluoride-containing dentifrices.MethodsThis double-blind, randomized controlled clinical study evaluated plaque, gingival inflammation, and sulcular bleeding in patients using one of five commercially available fluoride-containing dentifrices The dentifrices tested contained: 0.454% stannous fluoride and 2.6% EDTA (D1), 0.24% sodium fluoride (C), and 0.454% stannous fluoride (D2-D4). One hundred fifty subjects participated over a 3-month period. Co-primary endpoints were improvements in plaque index (PI) and modified gingival index (mGI) from baseline values. No professional cleaning was performed during the study period.ResultsAll subjects in the study demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all measures of oral hygiene over the 3-month study period. Subjects using dentifrice 1 (D1) showed statistically significantly greater reductions in PI, mGI, and modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI) compared with all other commercially-available dentifrices tested (p < 0.00001).ConclusionsA new dentifrice with 0.454% stannous fluoride and 2.6% EDTA demonstrated significant improvements in clinical parameters associated with gingivitis compared to other sodium and stannous fluoride containing dentifrices

Design and evaluation of a miniature laser speckle imaging device to assess gingival health

Current methods used to assess gingivitis are qualitative and subjective. We hypothesized that gingival perfusion measurements could provide a quantitative metric of disease severity. We constructed a compact laser speckle imaging (LSI) system that could be mounted in custom-made oral molds. Rigid fixation of the LSI system in the oral cavity enabled measurement of blood flow in the gingiva. In vitro validation performed in controlled flow phantoms demonstrated that the compact LSI system had comparable accuracy and linearity compared to a conventional bench-top LSI setup. In vivo validation demonstrated that the compact LSI system was capable of measuring expected blood flow dynamics during a standard postocclusive reactive hyperemia and that the compact LSI system could be used to measure gingival blood flow repeatedly without significant variation in measured blood flow values ([Formula: see text]). Finally, compact LSI system measurements were collected from the interdental papilla of nine subjects and compared to a clinical assessment of gingival bleeding on probing. A statistically significant correlation ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]) was found between these variables, indicating that quantitative gingival perfusion measurements performed using our system may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of periodontal disease

Effects of a Dental Gel Over 6 Months on Periodontal Health in Subjects with Stage II and III (Mild and Moderate) Periodontitis.

Objective:Overall aim of this prospective, randomized, positive controlled, double-blind in vivo study was to identify the effects of a test dental gel containing 2.6% edathamil with an added carrier and permeability enhancer vs. a positive control dentifrice on periodontal health measures in patients with Stage II and III periodontitis. Methods:In this prospective double-blinded, randomized study, 33 subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to brushing their teeth with either the test gel (LivFresh®, Livionex Dental Gel, Los Gatos, CA 95030) or the positive control toothpaste (Crest ProHealth®, P&G, Cincinnati, OH 45202).Full-mouth gingival index, modified sulcus bleeding index, and periodontal pocket probing depths were recorded for all teeth at baseline, and on days 90 and 180.Subjects brushed with the study material twice a day. Results:The test dental gel reduced gingival inflammation and bleeding, as well as periodontal pocket probing depths significantly more than a control dentifrice. Conclusions:In this pilot study in subjects with Stage II and III periodontitis, a test dental gel was found to improve gingival inflammation and bleeding, as well as periodontal pocket depths significantly better than a control dentifrice

Effects of a Dental Gel Over 6 Months on Periodontal Health in Subjects with Stage II and III (Mild and Moderate) Periodontitis.

Overall aim of this prospective, randomized, positive controlled, double-blind in vivo study was to identify the effects of a test dental gel containing 2.6% edathamil with an added carrier and permeability enhancer vs. a positive control dentifrice on periodontal health measures in patients with Stage II and III periodontitis. In this prospective double-blinded, randomized study, 33 subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to brushing their teeth with either the test gel (LivFresh®, Livionex Dental Gel, Los Gatos, CA 95030) or the positive control toothpaste (Crest ProHealth®, P&G, Cincinnati, OH 45202).Full-mouth gingival index, modified sulcus bleeding index, and periodontal pocket probing depths were recorded for all teeth at baseline, and on days 90 and 180.Subjects brushed with the study material twice a day. The test dental gel reduced gingival inflammation and bleeding, as well as periodontal pocket probing depths significantly more than a control dentifrice. In this pilot study in subjects with Stage II and III periodontitis, a test dental gel was found to improve gingival inflammation and bleeding, as well as periodontal pocket depths significantly better than a control dentifrice