Chemical Changes of Dredged Soil in Kojima Lake from the Viewpoint of Soil Reaction

While dredged soil is increasing, the processing problem isn't solved. So it is expected to use effectively as the soil material. Although, to use dredged soil, the chemical characteristic must be grasped. It is because acidification cause material (pyrite) can be contained in dredged soil. It causes sulfulic ions when it touches air and has the possibility to become acidification. In this experiment, dredged soil in Kojima Lake was made clear that it contained in pyrite and acidified under the oxidation condition. Accordingly, when using dredged soil as ground resources, it is necessary to use as the soil material such as filling-up reclamation under the deoxidization condition

Early symptoms preceding post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome following COVID-19: a retrospective observational study incorporating daily gastrointestinal symptoms

Abstract Background Intestinal microinflammation with immune dysfunction due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reportedly precipitates post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. This study aimed to elucidate potential risk factors for subsequent development of irritable bowel syndrome, hypothesizing that it is associated with specific symptoms or patient backgrounds. Methods This single-center retrospective observational study (2020–2021) included adults with confirmed coronavirus disease requiring hospital admission and was conducted using real-world data retrieved from a hospital information system. Patient characteristics and detailed gastrointestinal symptoms were obtained and compared between patients with and without coronavirus disease-induced irritable bowel syndrome. Multivariate logistic models were used to validate the risk of developing irritable bowel syndrome. Moreover, daily gastrointestinal symptoms during hospitalization were examined in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Results Among the 571 eligible patients, 12 (2.1%) were diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome following coronavirus disease. While nausea and diarrhea during hospitalization, elevated white blood cell count on admission, and intensive care unit admission were associated with the development of irritable bowel syndrome, nausea and diarrhea were identified as risk factors for its development following coronavirus disease, as revealed by the adjusted analyses (odds ratio, 4.00 [1.01–15.84] and 5.64 [1.21–26.31], respectively). Half of the patients with irritable bowel syndrome had both diarrhea and constipation until discharge, and constipation was frequently followed by diarrhea. Conclusions While irritable bowel syndrome was rarely diagnosed following coronavirus disease, nausea and diarrhea during hospitalization precede the early signs of irritable bowel syndrome following coronavirus disease

Threshold of increase in oxygen demand to predict mechanical ventilation use in novel coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study incorporating restricted cubic spline regression.

BackgroundRapid deterioration of oxygenation occurs in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and prediction of mechanical ventilation (MV) is needed for allocation of patients to intensive care unit. Since intubation is usually decided based on varying clinical conditions, such as required oxygen changes, we aimed to elucidate thresholds of increase in oxygen demand to predict MV use within 12 h.MethodsA single-center retrospective cohort study using data between January 2020 and January 2021was conducted. Data were retrieved from the hospital data warehouse. Adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) who needed oxygen during admission were included. Hourly increments in oxygen demand were calculated using two consecutive oxygen values. Covariates were selected from measurements at the closest time points of oxygen data. Prediction of MV use within 12 h by required oxygen changes was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating curves (AUCs). A threshold for increased MV use risk was obtained from restricted cubic spline curves.ResultsAmong 66 eligible patients, 1835 oxygen data were analyzed. The AUC was 0.756 for predicting MV by oxygen demand changes, 0.888 by both amounts and changes in oxygen, and 0.933 by the model adjusted with respiratory rate, PCR quantification cycle (Ct), and days from PCR. The threshold of increments of required oxygen was identified as 0.44 L/min/h and the probability of MV use linearly increased afterward. In subgroup analyses, the threshold was lower (0.25 L/min/h) when tachypnea or frequent respiratory distress existed, whereas it was higher (1.00 L/min/h) when viral load is low (Ct ≥20 or days from PCR >7 days).ConclusionsHourly changes in oxygen demand predicted MV use within 12 h, with a threshold of 0.44 L/min/h. This threshold was lower with an unstable respiratory condition and higher with a low viral load

Plasmoid-Induced Pull Reconnection Experiments in University of Tokyo Spherical Tokamak * )

Magnetic energy injection through pull magnetic reconnection has been studied in the University of Tokyo Spherical Tokamak (UTST) using external poloidal field coils. Under constant plasma inflow, the magnetic energy of the produced ST increases as the guide field B t is increased from zero to the optimized value B t0 , while it decreases after B t exceeds B t0 . The pull reconnection process was often accompanied by the formation of plasmoids around the X-point. The reconnection rate was found to change with time, depending on the formation of plasmoids and the magnetic energy injection. Plamoids enhance the reconnection rate

Plasmoid-Induced Pull Reconnection Experiments in University of Tokyo Spherical Tokamak * )

Magnetic energy injection through pull magnetic reconnection has been studied in the University of Tokyo Spherical Tokamak (UTST) using external poloidal field coils. Under constant plasma inflow, the magnetic energy of the produced ST increases as the guide field B t is increased from zero to the optimized value B t0 , while it decreases after B t exceeds B t0 . The pull reconnection process was often accompanied by the formation of plasmoids around the X-point. The reconnection rate was found to change with time, depending on the formation of plasmoids and the magnetic energy injection. Plamoids enhance the reconnection rate

Determination of the Orbital Polarization in YTiO3 by Using Soft X-Ray Linear Dichroism

We report measurements of linear dichroism in x-ray absorption at Ti L2;3 edges of a Mott-insulating ferromagnet YTiO3, where orbital ordering occurs in the triply degenerate Ti 3d t2g states. Dichroic spectra and their integrated intensities are obtained for the incident electric field with polarizations parallel to a, b, and c axes. The comparison of the spectra with atomic multiplet calculations removes the ambiguity about the orbital polarization, i.e., the relative weights of |xy>, |yz>, and |zx> orbits, which are crucial for the origin of ferromagnetism. The result is consistent with the previous analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance in the Mizokawa-Fujimori scheme