2,872 research outputs found
Magmatic focusing to mid-ocean ridges: the role of grain size variability and non-Newtonian viscosity
Melting beneath mid-ocean ridges occurs over a region that is much broader
than the zone of magmatic emplacement to form the oceanic crust. Magma is
focused into this zone by lateral transport. This focusing has typically been
explained by dynamic pressure gradients associated with corner flow, or by a
sub-lithospheric channel sloping upward toward the ridge axis. Here we discuss
a novel mechanism for magmatic focusing: lateral transport driven by gradients
in compaction pressure within the asthenosphere. These gradients arise from the
co-variation of melting rate and compaction viscosity. The compaction
viscosity, in previous models, was given as a function of melt fraction and
temperature. In contrast, we show that the viscosity variations relevant to
melt focusing arise from grain-size variability and non-Newtonian creep. The
asthenospheric distribution of melt fraction predicted by our models provides
an improved ex- planation of the electrical resistivity structure beneath one
location on the East Pacific Rise. More generally, although grain size and
non-Newtonian viscosity are properties of the solid phase, we find that in the
context of mid-ocean ridges, their effect on melt transport is more profound
than their effect on the mantle corner-flow.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Molecular transistor coupled to phonons and Luttinger-liquid leads
We study the effects of electron-phonon interactions on the transport
properties of a molecular quantum dot coupled to two Luttinger-liquid leads. In
particular, we investigate the effects on the steady state current and DC noise
characteristics. We consider both equilibrated and unequilibrated on-dot
phonons. The density matrix formalism is applied in the high temperature
approximation and the resulting semi-classical rate equation is numerically
solved for various strengths of electron-electron interactions in the leads and
electron-phonon coupling. The current and the noise are in general smeared out
and suppressed due to intralead electron interaction. On the other hand, the
Fano factor, which measures the noise normalized by the current, is more
enhanced as the intralead interaction becomes stronger. As the electron-phonon
coupling becomes greater than order one, the Fano factor exhibits
super-Poissonian behaviour.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure
Faraday Rotation with Single Nuclear Spin Qubit in a High-Finesse Optical Cavity
When an off-resonant light field is coupled with atomic spins, its
polarization can rotate depending on the direction of the spins via a Faraday
rotation which has been used for monitoring and controlling the atomic spins.
We observed Faraday rotation by an angle of more than 10 degrees for a single
1/2 nuclear spin of 171Yb atom in a high-finesse optical cavity. By employing
the coupling between the single nuclear spin and a photon, we have also
demonstrated that the spin can be projected or weakly measured through the
projection of the transmitted single ancillary photon.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
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