Nonlinear chiral transport phenomena

We study the nonlinear responses of relativistic chiral matter to the external fields such as the electric field E, gradients of temperature and chemical potential, ∇T and ∇μ. Using the kinetic theory with Berry curvature corrections under the relaxation time approximation, we compute the transport coefficients of possible new electric currents that are forbidden in usual chirally symmetric matter but are allowed in chirally asymmetric matter by parity. In particular, we find a new type of electric current proportional to ∇μ×E due to the interplay between the effects of the Berry curvature and collisions. We also derive an analog of the “Wiedemann-Franz” law specific for anomalous nonlinear transport in relativistic chiral matter

Early fracture of the modular neck of a MODULUS femoral stem

AbstractWe present the case of a 46-year-old woman who underwent revision surgery approximately 4 years after total hip arthroplasty because of a fracture of the modular neck of a MODULUS femoral stem. The fractured surfaces of the retrieved implant were inspected using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was also performed to identify the stresses that might have caused the failure. We concluded that active, obese patients who are implanted with a high-offset, small-sized modular component could experience stress-induced fractures of the modular neck, with proper fixation and osseointegration of the distal stem, especially if residual bone or tissue is present on the inner surface of the neck that could contribute to micromovement and decreased proximal fixation

Correlation between the Bone Mineral Density and Stress on Femur around a Duetto SI Stem

In cementless stem fixation, BMD reduction around the stem is of concern because it may cause loosening. This BMD reduction is assumed to be caused by stem implantation-induced alteration of the physiological feedback system, which may cause stress shielding and result in loosening, but the causal relationship has not been clarified. In this study, using a Duetto SI stem, we investigated the correlation between the postoperative BMD around the stem and stress. In patients who underwent their first THA at the orthopedic department of our university, the BMD was measured using DEXA, and FEA was performed with an equivalent time course. Time-course changes in the BMD, von Mises stress, and triaxial stress in Gruen zones 1 through 7 were calculated from those measured at 2 weeks and 5 months after surgery. The BMD and von Mises stress showed a bidirectional correlation when Gruen’s classification was plotted on the horizontal axis. An increase in stress loaded on bone was assumed to be a factor increasing the BMD. The Duetto SI stem was fixed on the distal side, suggesting its stable fixation. BMD measurement and FEA were useful for quantification of the bone dynamics around the stem from an early phase

A preliminary list of the vascular plants of Higashi-hiroshima Campus, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima Pref., SW Japan <Data>

広島大学東広島キャンパスは広島県西条盆地の中央部に位置し，その敷地内には様々な植物が生育している。キャンパス内の維管束植物に関しては学内誌などに断片的に紹介されてきたが，1995年の移転完了後，網羅的な植物相の調査は行われていない。本稿ではキャンパス内の植物相の現状を把握するため，文献および生態実験園とぶどう池周辺を中心に行った調査にもとづいて，東広島キャンパスの維管束植物目録（101科210属286種）をまとめた。A preliminary list of the vascular plants of Higashi-hiroshima Campus in Hiroshima University (Hiroshima Pref., SW Japan) was reported based on own field researches and previous reports. A total of 286 native, naturalized and garden species, including infraspecific taxa, were recorded

The GSMaP Precipitation Retrieval Algorithm for Microwave Sounders-Part I: Over-Ocean Algorithm

Abstract-We develop an over-ocean rainfall retrieval algorithm for the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) based on the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) microwave radiometer algorithm. This algorithm combines an emissionbased estimate from brightness temperature (Tb) at 23 GHz and a scattering-based estimate from Tb at 89 GHz, depending on a scattering index (SI) computed from Tb at both 89 and 150 GHz. Precipitation inhomogeneities are also taken into account. The GSMaP-retrieved rainfall from the AMSU (GSMaP_AMSU) is compared with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) standard algorithm (NOAA_AMSU)-retrieved data using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data as a reference. Rain rates retrieved by GSMaP_AMSU have better agreement with TRMM estimates over midlatitudes during winter. Better estimates over multitudes over winter are given by the use of Tb at 23 GHz in the GSMaP_AMSU algorithm. It was also shown that GSMaP_AMSU has higher rain detection than NOAA_AMSU. Index Terms-Microwave radiometer (MWR), microwave sounder, precipitation, rain-rate retrieval

Host selection of hematophagous leeches (Haemadipsa japonica): Implications for iDNA studies

The development of an efficient and cost‐effective method for monitoring animal populations or biodiversity is urgently needed, and invertebrate‐derived DNA (iDNA) may offer a promising tool for assessing the diversity and other ecological information of vertebrates. We studied the host species of a hematophagous leech (Haemadipsa japonica) in Yakushima by genetic barcoding and compared the results with those for mammal composition revealed by camera trapping. We analyzed 119 samples using two sets of primers by Sanger sequencing and one set of primer by next generation sequencing. The proportion of the samples that were successfully sequenced and identified to at least one species was 11.8–24.3%, depending on the three different methods. In all of these three methods, most of the samples were identified as sika deer (18/20, 6/15 and 16/29) or human (2/20, 7/15 and 21/29). The nonhuman mammal host species composition was significantly different from that estimated by camera trapping. Sika deer was the main host, which may be related with their high abundance, large body size and terrestriality. Ten samples included DNA derived from multiple species of vertebrates. This may be due to the contamination of human DNA, but we also found DNA from deer, Japanese macaque and a frog in the same samples, suggesting the mixture of the two meals in the gut of the leech. Using H. japonica‐derived iDNA would not be suitable to make an inventory of species, but it may be useful to collect genetic information on the targeted species, due to their high host selectivity

Surface Interaction Forces of Well-Defined, High-Density Polymer Brushes Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (ORGANIC MATERIALS CHEMISTRY-Polymeric Materials)

Direct force measurements were made by atomic force microscopy (AFM) at surfaces of polymer brushes comprising low-polydispersity poly(methyl methacrylate) chains densely end-grafted on a silicon substrate by living radical polymerization. These brushes are characterized by an exceptionally high graft density. The AFM force measurements revealed that the repulsive force rapidly increased with decreasing separation in toluene. The equilibrium thickness of the brushes was found to be proportional to the chain contour length. This indicates formation of a homogeneous polymer layer with highly stretched graft chains. Unlike the previously reported results for lower density polymer brushes, longer brushes were more resistant to compression. It is believed that these are the first observations of “polymer brushes” in the true sense of the words

Controlled Graft Polymerization on Silicon Substrate by the Combined Use of the Langmuir-Blodgett and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Techniques (ORGANIC MATERIALS CHEMISTRY-Polymeric Materials)

The atom transfer radical polymerization technique using the copper/ligand complexes was applied to the graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate on the Si wafer on which the monolayer of the initiator, 2-(4-chlorosulfonylphenyl) ethyl trimethoxysilane, was immobilized by the Langmuir- Blodgett technique. Atomic force microscopic and ellipsometric studies revealed that the polymerization with an additional initiator afforded a homogeneous graft layer, the thickness of which increased proportionally to the number-average molecular weight of the narrow-polydispersity homopolymers produced in the solution. This suggests that the graft polymerization is successfully controlled by the Cu/ligand complexes in the same way as the solution polymerization