Middle Power Measurement in Semi-tethered Swimming using Ergometer Attachment

The purposes of this study weie to measure middle power, energy which had been supplied mainly from the lactic acid system, during swimming using an ergometer attachment and to evaluate swimming performance by this middle power To perform these purposes, a middle power measurement test in semi-tethered swimming (STS33) using an ergometer attachment was developed In STS33, the load of the ergometer attachment was set to 7.0kg and the power measurement interval was set at 5.0 seconds The subject was instructed to swim at full strength for 33.0 seconds Power measurements using the ergometer attachment were taken 3 times during the 33.0 seconds at the end of 10s, 20s and 30s respectively The first measurement (1st measured phase) was taken between 5 and 10 seconds from the start of the swim The second measurement (2nd measured phase) was taken between 15 and 20 seconds of the swim, and the third measuiement (3rd measured phase) was taken between 25 and 30 seconds from the start of the swim by the present investigators As in preliminary experiments, the exercise intensity of the STS33 was measured as the average blood lactate concentration produced by the work rate After each STS33, a blood sample was taken by a licensed nurse under supervision of a medical doctor Subjects were 5 junior elite swimmers designated to tram by the N prefecture Swim Association The group mean post exercise blood lactate concentration was 10 5mM/l These concentration of blood lactate was greater than the OBLA measurement of 4mM for lactate accumulation developing in the middle phase of a swim trial This result led to the conclusion that the STS33 test could be used to evaluate the middle power In a main experiment, 21 male elite junior swimmers were measured Middle power in swimming in each subject was measured by the above-mentioned STS33 and the relationship between the group mean middle power and group mean total swim time was analyzed The relationship between the average power (P watt) of the 3 measured phases in STS33 and swimming velocity (V m/sec) in 50m event was P =-134.53 + 87.02 V (r = 0.880, p≦0.001) The relationship between the average power (P) of the 3 phases in STS33 and swimming velocity (V) in 100m event was given by P = - 191.95 + 128.92 V ( r=0 940, p≦O.001) From these results, the middle power in STS33 is appropriate for evaluating swimming performances in 50m and 100m event

Continuous release of O2−/ONOO− in plasma-exposed HEPES-buffered saline promotes TRP channel-mediated uptake of a large cation

Although the externally controllable extracellular supply of the short-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, such as O2•−, •NO, and ONOO−, could potentially manipulate cellular functions, their simple administration to cells is likely to be ineffective due to their rapid deactivation. In this study, we found a method of a continuous supply of O2•−/ONOO− over a few minutes, which is triggered by irradiation of a nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma to commonly used organic buffers (e.g., 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid, HEPES). In addition, a continuous low-dose O2•−/ONOO− supply was shown to induce a physiologically relevant Ca2+ response and subsequently the uptake of a large cation mediated by transient receptor potential channel family member(s). Our results provide a novel approach to the continuous O2•−/ONOO− supply, requiring controllable and mass-volume treatments

Two-stage sinus floor augmentation using carbonate apatite

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the efficacy and safety of carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) granules in 2-stage sinus floor augmentation through the radiographic and histomorphometric assessment of bone biopsy specimens. Methods: Two-stage sinus floor augmentation was performed on 13 patients with a total of 17 implants. Radiographic assessment using panoramic radiographs was performed immediately after augmentation and was also performed 2 additional times, at 7±2 months and 18±2 months post-augmentation, respectively. Bone biopsy specimens taken from planned implant placement sites underwent micro-computed tomography, after which histological sections were prepared. Results: Postoperative healing of the sinus floor augmentation was uneventful in all cases. The mean preoperative residual bone height was 3.5±1.3 mm, and this was increased to 13.3±1.7 mm by augmentation with the CO3Ap granules. The mean height of the augmented site had decreased to 10.7±1.9 mm by 7±2 months after augmentation; however, implants with lengths in the range of 6.5 to 11.5 mm could still be placed. The mean height of the augmented site had decreased to 9.6±1.4 mm by 18±2 months post-augmentation. No implant failure or complications were observed. Few inflammatory cells or foreign body giant cells were observed in the bone biopsy specimens. Although there were individual differences in the amount of new bone detected, new bone was observed to be in direct contact with the CO3Ap granules in all cases, without an intermediate layer of fibrous tissue. The amounts of bone and residual CO3Ap were 33.8%±15.1% and 15.3%±11.9%, respectively. Conclusions: In this first demonstration, low-crystalline CO3Ap granules showed excellent biocompatibility, and bone biopsy showed them to be replaced with bone in humans. CO3Ap granules are a useful and safe bone substitute for two-stage sinus floor augmentation

Dynamic localization of a yeast development–specific PP1 complex during prospore membrane formation is dependent on multiple localization signals and complex formation

During the developmental process of sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, membrane structures called prospore membranes are formed de novo, expand, extend, acquire a round shape, and finally become plasma membranes of the spores. GIP1 encodes a regulatory/targeting subunit of protein phosphatase type 1 that is required for sporulation. Gip1 recruits the catalytic subunit Glc7 to septin structures that form along the prospore membrane; however, the molecular basis of its localization and function is not fully understood. Here we show that Gip1 changes its localization dynamically and is required for prospore membrane extension. Gip1 first associates with the spindle pole body as the prospore membrane forms, moves onto the prospore membrane and then to the septins as the membrane extends, distributes around the prospore membrane after closure, and finally translocates into the nucleus in the maturing spore. Deletion and mutation analyses reveal distinct sequences in Gip1 that are required for different localizations and for association with Glc7. Binding to Glc7 is also required for proper localization. Strikingly, localization to the prospore membrane, but not association with septins, is important for Gip1 function. Further, our genetic analysis suggests that a Gip1–Glc7 phosphatase complex regulates prospore membrane extension in parallel to the previously reported Vps13, Spo71, Spo73 pathway

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Multi-component molecular orbital study on positron attachment to alkali-metal hydride molecules: nature of chemical bonding and dissociation limits of [LiH; e

We have performed multi-component full-configuration interaction calculations to investigate the nature of chemical bonding of [LiH;e+] at the small and large internuclear distance . We discuss the importance of geometrical changes in positronic compounds induced by a positron attachment in terms of the virial theorem, with a comparison of the adiabatic- and vertical-positron affinity (PA). The systematic improvement of the PA values achieved by optimisation of (i) the molecular geometry and (ii) the positronic basis centre is also discussed. The stable dissociation channel of [LiH;e+] is compared with the ionic- and neutral-dissociation channels of its parent molecule LiH through the analysis of the potential energy curve and the electronic and positronic densities. The vertical PA as a function of is also presented, which is the difference between the potential energy curve of the parent molecule (LiH → Li + H) and its positronic compound ([LiH; e+] → Li + [H; e+]). Unlike the preceding study of [M. Mella et al., J. Chem. Phys. 113, 6154 (2000)], it took more than bohr to converge the vertical PA due to the long-range ionic bonding interaction

Object-Based Message Ordering in Group Communication

In distributed applications, a group of multiple objects are cooperated. Kinds of group communication protocols have been discussed so far, which support the reliable and ordered delivery of messages at the network level. However, only messages to be ordered at the application level are required to be causally delivered. The state of the object depends on in what order the conflicting requests are computed and the responses and requests are transmitted. In this paper, we define the object-based precedence order of messages based on the conflicting relation among the requests. We discuss a protocol which supports the object-based ordered delivery of request and response messages