Stereospecific Epoxidation of 2-Hexene with Molecular Oxygen on Photoirradiated Titanium Dioxide Powder

Photocatalytic oxidation of 2-hexene on TiO2 powder was investigated under a stream of oxygen gas. The main product was 2,3-epoxyhexane with the chemical yield ranging from 65% to 83% depending on the TiO2 powders. When trans-2-hexene was used as the starting material, the epoxide was also trans. On the other hand, cis epoxide was the chief product from cis-2-hexene. From mixed 2-hexene (trans/cis = 1.7), larger amounts of trans epoxide were obtained than cis-epoxide in the initial period of the reaction, indicating that trans-2-hexene is more reactive than the cis isomer on the photocatalyst

Measles vaccine coverage and factors related to uncompleted vaccination among 18-month-old and 36-month-old children in Kyoto, Japan

BACKGROUND: Due to low vaccine coverage, Japan has not only experienced outbreaks of measles but has also been exporting it overseas. This study aims to survey measles vaccine coverage and the factors uncompleted vaccination among community-living children. METHODS: Subjects were the parents whose children had undergone either an 18-month or a 36-month checkup publicly provided by Kyoto City during November 2001 to January 2002. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted. RESULTS: The coverage was 73.2% among the 18-month-old children (n = 2707) and 88.9% among the 36-month-old children (n = 2340), respectively. The following characteristics of mothers were related to uncompleted measles vaccination: aged below 30, working, concerned about the adverse events of the vaccine, and had insufficient knowledge. Similarly, the following characteristics among children were related to uncompleted measles vaccination: not the first-born child, interacting with other children in group settings. The coverage was the lowest among the children whose mothers were concerned about the adverse events of the vaccine without proper knowledge of measles and its vaccination. CONCLUSION: To increase vaccine coverage among children, parents' awareness about measles and vaccination against it should be promoted, especially for working mothers. Efforts to enhance access to vaccination services and to communicate with parents about changing vaccination schedules are necessary

Clinically meaningful improvements in cutaneous lesions and quality of life measures in patients with atopic dermatitis with greater pruritus reductions after treatment with 60 mg nemolizumab subcutaneously every 4 weeks: subgroup analysis from a phase 3, randomized, controlled trial

Background Data from the Japanese phase 3 Nemolizumab-JP01 study (JapicCTI-173740) found that nemolizumab in combination with topical treatments reduced pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis inadequately controlled with current therapies. Methods This post-hoc analysis examined associations between improvements in pruritus (visual analog scale [VAS]) and eczema (Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI]), and achievement of other clinically relevant endpoints including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM). Results Pruritus VAS responders (≥50% improvement from baseline to week 16) showed greater improvements from baseline in these additional endpoints as early as week 1, compared with non-responders. Responders also had EASI improvement, and more than 80% achieved an ISI score ≤7, or had improvement in the DLQI or POEM. The percent change from baseline in VAS and EASI scores at week 16 was in favor of nemolizumab in all subgroups based on baseline characteristics. No specific factor affecting treatment response to nemolizumab was identified. Conclusions In this post-hoc analysis, nemolizumab-treated patients who had greater pruritus reductions also showed improvements in other eczema symptoms; pruritus alleviation appeared to be responsible for the improvements in eczema, sleep and daily life

Supplemental Material - Factors Associated With Postoperative Decisional Regret in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study

Supplemental Material for Factors Associated With Postoperative Decisional Regret in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study by Hiromitsu Kinoshita, Tatsuto Nishigori, Takayo Nakabe, Norihiro Shimoike, Keiko Sato, Yuichi Imanaka, Kazutaka Obama, and Yumi Matsumura in The American Surgeonâ„¢</p