1,335 research outputs found
Combined liver-kidney transplantation and the effect of preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies
Thirty-eight sequentially placed liver and kidney allografts were evaluated with respect to patient and graft survival, and the influence of preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies was analysed. The results suggest that the survival rate of combined liver and kidney transplantation is similar to the survival rate of liver transplantation alone. Sequentially placed kidney allografts may be protected from hyperacute rejection in the presence of donor specific lymphocytotoxic antibodies, but not in all instances. Both patient and kidney allograft survival was lower in positive crossmatch patients (33% and 17% respectively) than in negative crossmatch patients (78% and 75%). High levels of panel reactive antibodies (>10%) also appeared to have a deleterious effect on survival, although the majority of the patients who failed also had a positive crossmatch. Although preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies are not an absolute contraindication to combined liver-kidney transplantation, they do appear to have a deleterious effect on long-term graft survival. However, more correlation with clinical parameters is needed. © 1994
Effluent levels of hyaluronic acid can predict ultimate graft outcome after clinical liver transplantation: a prospective series.
Search for X-Ray Emission Associated with the Shapley Supercluster with Suzaku
Suzaku performed observations of 3 regions in and around the Shapley
supercluster: a region located between A3558 and A3556, at ~0.9 times the
virial radii of both clusters, and two other regions at 1{\deg}and 4{\deg}away
from the first pointing. The 4{\deg}-offset observation was used to evaluate
the Galactic foreground emission. We did not detect significant redshifted
Oxygen emission lines (O VII and O VIII) in the spectra of all three pointings,
after subtracting the contribution of foreground and background emission. An
upper limit for the redshifted O VIII Ka line intensity of the warm-hot
intergalactic medium (WHIM) is 1.5 \times 10^-7 photons s^-1 cm^-2 arcmin^-2,
which corresponds to an overdensity of ~380 (Z/0.1 Z_solar)^{-1/2} (L/3
Mpc)^{-1/2}, assuming T=3\times10^6 K. We found excess continuum emission in
the 1{\deg}-offset and on-filament regions, represented by thermal models with
kT ~1 keV and ~2 keV, respectively. The redshifts of both 0 and that of the
supercluster (0.048) are consistent with the observed spectra. The ~1 keV
emission can be also fitted with Ne-rich Galactic (zero redshift) thin thermal
emission. Radial intensity profile of 2 keV component suggests contribution
from A3558 and A3556, but with significant steepening of the intensity slope in
the outer region of A3558. Finally, we summarized the previous Suzaku search
for the WHIM and discussed the feasibility of constraining the WHIM. An
overdensity of < 400 can be detectable using O VII and O VIII emission lines in
a range of 1.4\times10^6 K < T < 5\times10^6 K or a continuum emission in a
relatively high temperature range T > 5\times10^6 K with the Suzaku XIS. The
non detection with Suzaku suggests that typical line-of-sight average
overdensity is < 400
Correlation of rejection episodes with FK 506 dosage, FK 506 level, and steroids following primary orthotopic liver transplant
Infections during a randomized trial comparing cyclosporine to FK 506 immunosuppression in liver transplantation
Suzaku and Chandra observations of the galaxy cluster RXC J1053.7+5453 with a radio relic
We present the results of Suzaku and Chandra observations of the galaxy
cluster RXC J1053.7+5453 (), which contains a radio relic. The radio
relic is located at the distance of kpc from the X-ray peak toward
the west. We measured the temperature of this cluster for the first time. The
resultant temperature in the center is keV, which is lower than the
value expected from the X-ray luminosity - temperature and the velocity
dispersion - temperature relation. Though we did not find a significant
temperature jump at the outer edge of the relic, our results suggest that the
temperature decreases outward across the relic. Assuming the existence of the
shock at the relic, its Mach number becomes . A possible spatial
variation of Mach number along the relic is suggested. Additionally, a sharp
surface brightness edge is found at the distance of kpc from the
X-ray peak toward the west in the Chandra image. We performed X-ray spectral
and surface brightness analyses around the edge with Suzaku and Chandra data,
respectively. The obtained surface brightness and temperature profiles suggest
that this edge is not a shock but likely a cold front. Alternatively, it cannot
be ruled out that thermal pressure is really discontinuous across the edge. In
this case, if the pressure across the surface brightness edge is in
equilibrium, other forms of pressure sources, such as cosmic-rays, are
necessary. We searched for the non-thermal inverse Compton component in the
relic region. Assuming the photon index , the resultant upper
limit of the flux is for
area in the 0.3-10 keV band, which
implies that the lower limit of magnetic field strength becomes $ 0.7 {\rm \
\mu G}$.Comment: 13page, 8 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ. arXiv admin
note: text overlap with arXiv:1508.0584
The zona incerta in control of novelty seeking and investigation across species
Many organisms rely on a capacity to rapidly replicate, disperse, and evolve when faced with uncertainty and novelty. But mammals do not evolve and replicate quickly. They rely on a sophisticated nervous system to generate predictions and select responses when confronted with these challenges. An important component of their behavioral repertoire is the adaptive context-dependent seeking or avoiding of perceptually novel objects, even when their values have not yet been learned. Here, we outline recent cross-species breakthroughs that shed light on how the zona incerta (ZI), a relatively evolutionarily conserved brain area, supports novelty-seeking and novelty-related investigations. We then conjecture how the architecture of the ZI\u27s anatomical connectivity - the wide-ranging top-down cortical inputs to the ZI, and its specifically strong outputs to both the brainstem action controllers and to brain areas involved in action value learning - place the ZI in a unique role at the intersection of cognitive control and learning
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