Combining geographical information systems and input-output models: concept and initial ideas

Since the initial input-output (i-o) models conceived by Leontief in the 1930’s, the inputoutput theory has gone through a lot of development at the theoretical as well as applied point of view. However, despite all the progress, there are two points that need further consideration into the analysis, one is with respect to an easy visualization of the information contained in an i-o system and another is related to the spatial dimension of the data. We do not mean that these topics have not been dealt with before, but, here both are combined in a single analysis where the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are use to map and to visualize the i-o models. The data used to illustrate the initial concepts is based in the interregional i-o matrix constructed for six macro regions (Northeast, North, Central West, São Paulo, Rest of the Southeast, and South) of the Brazilian economy for the year of 1999 by Guilhoto et al (2003). The initial applications and analysis are done: a) with the i-o matrix in value terms; and b) with an estimation of impacts on total production, giving changes in the final demand of the households. However, new windows of analysis are open as this information can be combined with models of transportation, spatial data analysis, etc

Floral Origin and Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Honey from Africanized Bees in Apiaries of Ubiratã and Nova Aurora, State of Paraná

Physical and chemical characteristics of honey may vary due to the diversity of flora and soil characteristics, or seasonal factors. This study was carried out in two counties, Nova Aurora and Ubiratã, located in the West and Center-West regions of the State of Paraná. The objective of the study was to verify if the physical and chemical parameters of Apis mellifera (L.) honey are in accordance with the national standard, as well as to verify how the 21 samples collected in the two localities are grouped, based on the physical, chemical and pollen characteristics. Honey was analyzed for sugar, ash, protein, moisture, color, electrical conductivity, formaldehyde index, diastase and viscosity. Samples of honey containing the dominant pollen types Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Eucalyptus sp. formed groupings similar to those based on physical and chemical characteristics, however, the multivariate classification of honey samples in groups based on pollen types was not an efficient method to group samples of polyfloral honey

Melliferous flora and pollen characterization of honey samples of Apis mellifera L., 1758 in apiaries in the counties of Ubiratã and Nova Aurora, PR

The aim of this study was to carry out a survey of the flora with potential for beekeeping in the counties of Ubiratã and Nova Aurora-PR through the collection of plants and pollen analyses in honey samples collected monthly. 208 species of plants were recorded, distributed in 66 families. The families that showed the major richness of pollen types were: Asteraceae, Myrtaceae and Solanaceae. Approximately 80 pollen types were found in honey samples, most of them were characterized as heterofloral. Cultivated plants, such as Glycine max (soybean) and Eucalyptus spp., were representative in some months of the year. Exotic species, such as Ricinus communis and Melia azedarach, were also frequent. However, over than 50% of the pollen types belong to native species of the region, such as Schinus terebinthifolius, Baccharis spp. Alchornea triplinervia, Parapiptadenia rigida, Hexaclamys edulis, Zanthoxylum sp. and Serjania spp., indicating the importance of the native vegetation for the survival of the colonies