Genetic mutations in pyoderma gangrenosum, hidradenitis suppurativa, and associated autoinflammatory syndromes: Insights into pathogenic mechanisms and shared pathways

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), and the associated autoinflammatory syndromes, including pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne (PAPA) syndrome, PSTPIP1-associated myeloid-related proteinemia inflammatory (PAMI) syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and hidradenitis suppurativa (PASH) syndrome, and pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and suppurative hidradenitis (PAPASH) syndrome are dermatological conditions characterized by chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Recent advances in genetic research have identified specific mutations associated with these disorders, shedding light on their underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of identified mutations and presumed pathophysiology in PG, HS, and the associated autoinflammatory syndromes

Capital Inside and Out : The Drive to Internalize

Capital moves not only to expand its value while changing its form but also to internalize what is out-side capital, which is confronted by two difficulties: commodification and realization. This paper investigates how to overcome these difficulties by taking two examples: labor and money. Both are considered to be outside capital. It is a claim that can make capital internalize what is outside it. The claim on labor power is com-modified and the claim to money is created for the realization of more money. Even if the laborer and the banker do not initially own their labor and money, a claim can be set up to allow the capitalist to access nothing, as outside, which will then turn into something profitable, such as labor power and credit money, through the acceptance of the liabilities on offer. To establish these claims is the technique that capital uses to inter-nalize what is outside it

Photosynthetic characteristics of phytoplankton off Adelie Land, Antarctica, during the austral summer

The photosynthesis-irradiance characteristics (P-E curves) and quantum yields of natural phytoplankton were investigated in the Southern Ocean off Adelie Land, Antarctica, during the austral summer. Data were acquired at eight stations during a cruise of T/V Umitaka-Maru III. The photosynthetic P-E curves showed low light adaptation of phytoplankton. Mean value (±standard deviation) of the P-E curve parameters, α^*, and I_k, were 0.014 (±0.013) mgC (mg chl. α)^ h^1 (μmol photons m^ s^)^ and 76 (±55) μmol photons m^ s^, respectively. Although phytoplankton were adapted to low irradiance, the phytoplankton in the SCM were not fully adapted to the low irradiance prevailing at those depths. P^*_ in the studied region was low (mean of 0.66 (±0.37) mgC (mg chl. α)^ h^) and generally lower than the previously reported values in waters near the Antarctic Peninsula. The maximum quantum yield varied widely, ranging from 0.001 to 0.038mol C (mol photons absorbed)^ at the surface and from 0.007 to 0.092mol C (mol photons absorbed)^ near the bottom of the euphotic zone. These values were within the range of published data. Comparison of photosynthetic parameters with historical data indicated that primary productivity from remotely sensed data for the whole of the Southern Ocean, based on these field estimates of photosynthetic parameters, has been overestimated

Precursory localization and development of microfractures along the ultimate fracture plane in amphibolite under triaxial creep

In a triaxial creep experiment in amphibolite, we clearly found a precursorylo calizationa nd developmento f microfracturesa long the final fracture planeu singa n AE (acoustice missions) ourcelo cation technique.T he precursorylo calizationo f AE hypocenters first nucleatedn ear a pre-existingm acroscopidc efecta ndt hene xtendedg raduallya longt hef inalf racture plane prior to failure. On the other hand, no significant precursorylo calizationo f AE hypocenteros n the final fracture plane before failure has been reported in rock samplesf ree of pre-existingm acroscopidce fects. This differencein AE occurrencep atterns beforef ailure could be explainedb y the differencein the degreeo f damage in the portion of the rock surrounding the localization zone when it nucleates

Analysis of impact response of sand cushion for rockfall by distinct element method

In order to know efficiently the impact behavior of the actual size sand cushion under rock fall, to achieve a lot of impact experiments under various conditions or to analyze those phenomena by use of reliable accurate methods is generally required. However, there is difficulty in many cases to achieve experiments because of financial reason. Therefore, the analysis method to reproduce full-scale impact behavior is indispensable. From this point of view, we have developed Distinct Element Method. The method to model the body to collide like a rock fall by an assembly of many small elements and the method to present a sand cushion as an assembly of many elements which have different size with randomness were shown. The validity of this method was shown by the comparison with experimental results. © (2011) Trans Tech Publications