Running Test of VVVF Inverter Type Railcar Using Lithium Ion Battery

Lithium ion battery was applied to the running of VVVF inverter type railcar. 15kWh of Mn type lithium ion battery was used. The relation between running time and voltage, current and integrating watt was investigated. The running test was also carried out using VVVF inverter type railcar to investigate charge performance due to regenerative energy. Lithium ion battery module was quickly charged for three times at rate of 4.68C by regenerative braking system. It was estimated that the effect of energy saving was about 22% by the charge of lithium ion battery from regenerative energy

HOW DO JAPANESE PERCEIVE INDIVIDUALISM? EXAMINATION OF THE MEANING OF INDIVIDUALISM IN JAPAN

It has been suggested that individualistic systems have been recently employed in Japan, and Japanese people have become more individualistic. However, previous research suggested that such cultural changes have negative associations with interpersonal relationships and happiness for Japanese (Ogihara & Uchida, 2014). In the present research, to demonstrate a negative aspect of individualism in Japan, we examined the meaning of individualism which Japanese people hold. Japanese participants aged 16 to 69 reported their evaluation to the word "individualism" and their perception of an "individualistic person." We found that individualism was regarded as being neutral and ambivalent, including both the positive aspect of being "with independence and freedom" and the negative aspect of being "without positive interpersonal relationships." In contrast, participants predicted others' evaluation of individualism to be more negative than their own evaluation, since they presumed that others would not consider the positive aspect of independence and freedom

Fabrication of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Hydrothermally-Synthesized TiO2 Nanopowder Films

TiO2 nanopowders were synthesized hydrothermally from TiCl4 aqueous solution. Particle diameters could be varied in the range 5–65 nm by controlling the synthesis time and temperature. Dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using the powders and their power generation efficiencies were evaluated

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Lithium Titanate Anode Materials Powders by Solid State Reaction of Li and Spherical TiO2 Powders

Li4Ti5O12 powders were synthesized by solid state reaction of Li2CO3 and spherical composite powders of carbon and TiO2 (denoted as C/TiO2). C/TiO2 powders were synthesized by spray pyrolysis of using lactic acid aqueous solution. The particle characteristics of Li4Ti5O12 powders were determined by SEM, XRD and DTA-TG. DTA-TG showed that the carbon content was around 8 wt% in Li4Ti5O12 powders. XRD revealed that the spinel structure (Fd3m) was obtained by heating at 750 °C under N2 atmosphere. The first rechargeable capacity of Li4Ti5O12 anode was about 160 mAh/g at 1 C. That of Li4Ti5O12 anode decreased to 90 mAh/g at 20 C. The rechargeable capacity of Li4Ti5O12 anode decreased with increasing the rechargeable rate, but 81% of initial discharge capacity of Li4Ti5O12 anode was retained after 200 cycles at 1C

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of C/LiMnPO4 CathodeMaterials by Complex Polymerized Method

C/LiMnPO4 materials were synthesized by the complex polymerized method. An orthorhombic olivine type structure was obtained by calcination at temperatures over 973 K under an argon/hydrogen (5%) atmosphere. Differential thermogravimetric analysis showed that the carbon content of C/LiMnPO4 was about 65 wt%. The initial discharge capacity of C/LiMnPO4 calcined at 973 K was 135 mAh/g at 0.1 C and 60 mAh/g at 1 C

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of C/LiMnPO4 CathodeMaterials by Complex Polymerized Method

C/LiMnPO4 materials were synthesized by the complex polymerized method. An orthorhombic olivine type structure was obtained by calcination at temperatures over 973 K under an argon/hydrogen (5%) atmosphere. Differential thermogravimetric analysis showed that the carbon content of C/LiMnPO4 was about 65 wt%. The initial discharge capacity of C/LiMnPO4 calcined at 973 K was 135 mAh/g at 0.1 C and 60 mAh/g at 1 C

Synthesis and Electrochemical Property of LiMnO_2 Precursor by Complexed Polymerized Method

LiMnO_2 precursors were synthesized by polymerized complex method, using malic acid and ethylene glycol Crystal phase of LiMnO_2 was affected by the reaction temperature and time of starting solution. Differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry revealed that a large amount of organic species and water was involved in the LiMnO_2 precursor. The chemical composition of LiMnO_2 precursors was found to be in good agreement with that of the starting solution composition. Single phase LiMnO_2 was obtained by heating at 900-940℃, for 12 h. The first discharge capacity of LiMnO_2 exhibited about 190 mAh/g at 0.1 mA/cm^2, in which 120 mAh/g were associated with the 4 V region and 70 mAh/g with the 3 V region. The discharge capacity decreased to 140 mA/g at 0.5 mA/cm^2. The discharge capacity gradually decreased with increasing the number of cycles up to several cycles, but showed stable cycling performance after 10 cycles