The influence of interpersonal affect on conversation strategy : A study of the application process of conversation rules

This work sets out to investigate how interpersonal affect influences conversation strategy.The following approach was employed. 128 university students participated in the research as subjects, and they were required to recall the specific conversation partner that the experimenter indicated. At this time experimenter manipulated three factors as follows: the first one was interpersonal affect (positive or negative) , the second was the partner\u27s sex (the same sex or the other sex) , the third was the partner\u27s age (younger, contemporary, or older) . And subjects were asked to rate 48 items about conversation strategy imagining a conversation with the indicated partner. The results showed that interpersonal affect for a conversation partner with regard to the partner\u27s sex and age strongly regulated conversation strategy

小・中・高一貫制にもとづく教科・教科外のカリキュラム開発研究 : 研究成果中間報告書

科学研究費助成事業（科学研究費補助金）研究成果中間報告書：基盤研究(B)(2) 平成15～17年度 課題番号：1533018

小・中・高一貫制にもとづく教科・教科外のカリキュラム開発研究 : 国語科 中間研究報告書

課題研究番号　15330184平成15～17年度　文部科学省科学研究費補助金　基盤研究(B)(2

小・中・高一貫制にもとづく教科・教科外のカリキュラム開発研究 研究成果報告書

科学研究費助成事業（科学研究費補助金）研究成果報告書：基盤研究(B) 平成15～17年度 課題番号：1533018

[Data] The formation of human information behavior during human evolution

本稿は，ヒトの進化過程におけるヒトの情報行動の形成を概観することを目的とした．その結果，本研究においては，ヒトの進化および情報行動の形成を方向付けた要因として次の2つの要因が指摘された．ひとつは，乾燥化および寒冷化という環境の変化の要因である．もうひとつは，ヒトの生態学的地位の低さという要因である．ヒトは，この生態学的地位の低さを，道具の使用および集団の形成という2つの行為で克服し，環境の変化を生き延びた．そして，本研究においては，道具の使用および集団の形成は，発声器官を変化させ，言語を複雑化させ，社会的知性を発達させ，ヒトの脳を進化させたとの考察がなされた．The purpose of this paper was to review the formation of human information behavior in the human evolutionary process. The results revealed that two factors—namely, environmental change characterized by aridification and cold weather and the low ecological status of humans—directed the evolution of humans and the formation of information behavior. Typically, humans overcame this problem of low ecological status by engaging in two behaviors—the use of tools and the formation of groups—to survive the environmental changes. The implication of these findings is that the use of tools and the formation of groups brought about changes in the vocal organs, increased language complexity, developed social intelligence, and facilitated the evolution of the human brain.特集　中河 伸俊名誉教授　定年退職記

How People Communicate their Psychological State Through the Unconscious Positioning of their Eyes and Mouth

本研究は,他者の現在置かれている状況に対する評価を推論する際に用いる,表情の構成要素間の関係性について検討した.分析には,川畑・桑原(2005)のデータを用いた.908名の被験者は,24枚の写真を呈示された.刺激写真は,Scherer (1984, 1992)のSECモデルに基づいて目元(3パタン)と口元(8パタン)を変化させたものである.被験者は表出者の状況に対する評価を評定することを求められた.表出者の状況に対する評価を推論する際に用いる,表情の構成要素間の関係性を検討するために分散分析を行った.その結果,表情の構成要素間に相互作用が認められた.これらの結果から,他者の表情解釈において,その判断に優位に影響する構成要素の存在が示された.The present study examines the relationship between facial components (the eyes and the mouth) and how we interpret others\u27 feelings. This analysis used data from Kawabata and Kuwabara (2005). 908 participants were presented with 24 photographs of faces with different facial expressions. The eyes (3 patterns) and the mouth (8 patterns) in the photographs were changed based on Scherer\u27s (1984, 1992) "Stimulus Evaluation Check" (SEC) model. The participants were asked to judge the thoughts/feelings of the person in the photographs. These ratings were transposed into 3 (the eyes)×8 (the mouth) ANOVAs. The results revealed diverse relationships between these facial components. These results suggest that facial components influence the interpretation of an individual\u27s feelings/thoughts