The 33-colorable subgroup of Thompson's group and tricolorability of links

Starting from the work by Jones on representations of Thompson's group $F$, subgroups of $F$ with interesting properties have been defined and studied. One of these subgroups is called the $3$-colorable subgroup $\mathcal{F}$, which consists of elements whose ``regions'' given by their tree diagrams are $3$-colorable. On the other hand, in his work on representations, Jones also gave a method to construct knots and links from elements of $F$. Therefore it is a natural question to explore a relationship between elements in $\mathcal{F}$ and $3$-colorable links in the sense of knot theory. In this paper, we show that all elements in $\mathcal{F}$ give 3-colorable links.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figure

Alexander's theorem for stabilizer subgroups of Thompson's group

In 2017, Jones studied the unitary representations of Thompson's group $F$ and defined a method to construct knots and links from $F$. One of his results is that any knot or link can be obtained from an element of this group, which is called Alexander's theorem. On the other hand, Thompson's group $F$ has many subgroups and it is known that there exist various subgroups which satisfy or do not satisfy Alexander's theorem. In this paper, we prove that almost all stabilizer subgroups under the natural action on the unit interval satisfy Alexander's theorem.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figure

Extensions of Tong-Yang-Ma representation

In 1996, Tong, Yang and Ma defined a family of representations of the braid group which have the same dimensions as the Burau representations but are not equivalent. The Burau representation was defined homologically and extended to the string links in several ways. In this paper, using the method of Silver and Williams, we extend the Tong-Yang-Ma representation to the string links and welded string links. Moreover, we show that the kernel of this representation may be described using some linking numbers. Finally, we apply of the Long-Moody construction to the Tong-Yang-Ma representation and study its first properties.Comment: 26 pages, 22 figure

A Cross-Whiskers Junction as a Novel Fabrication Process for Intrinsic Josephson Junction

A Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d cross-whiskers junction has been successfully discovered as a novel intrinsic Josephson junction without using any technique for micro-fabrication. Two Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d whisker crystals were placed crosswise on a MgO substrate and heated at 850C for 30 min. They were electrically connected at their c-planes. The measurement terminals were made at the four ends of the whiskers. The I-V characteristics of the cross-whiskers junction at 5K were found to show a clear multiple-branch structure with a spacing of approximately 15 mV that is a feature of the intrinsic Josephson junction. The critical current density Jc was estimated to be 1170 A/cm2. The branch-structure was strongly suppressed by the magnetic field above 1kOe.Comment: 4 pages, PDF fil

HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL OF MUCUS PRODUCING CELL AT SEVERAL ORGANS OF PARROT FISH (Scarus javanicus)

Mucosal secretion is the first line of defense and mucosal lining cells functions as the defensive cellular barrier against foreign agents. The mucus layer covering the body surface of teleost fishes is secreted by mucus cells (MC). In the present study, the structure of MC and its content in the epithelium of the buccal cavity, the gill arch, the esophagus and the skin of parrotfish (Scarus javanicus) were compared histologically and histochemically. A special mucus-secreting organ of the parrotfish (opercular gland) also observed using the same methods. Many MC distributed in the epithelium of buccal cavity, the esophagus and in the opercular gland of parrotfish. Many MC in the special gland of parrotfish suggest that these organs actively secrete much mucus. Contrary, lower density of MC was observed in the skin of parrotfish. Histochemical reactions revealed that out of eight lectin used in the present study. The WGA reacted widely with tissues of parrotfish in the epithelium of buccal cavity, opercular gland, gill and esophagus. These results suggests that N-'acetyl-D-glucosamine is a common carbohydrate residues of glycoproteins contained in mucus. Other lectins, PNA reacted with the skin of parrotfish. Mucus from these tissues contains carbohydrate residues of D-galactose for PNA. Mucus proteins containing these various carbohydrate residues may reveal characteristic natures of each tissues. Keywords: histology, histochemistry, mucus, parrot fis

Fabrication of Bi2212 Cross Whiskers Junction

An intrinsic Josephson junction has been successfully fabricated without any micro-fabrication technique. Two Bi2212 whiskers were crossed with one another and joined by post-annealing. The inter-whisker electrical transport properties were measured by the four-probe method. The temperature dependence of resistance exhibited metallic behavior above TC. The resistance decreased to zero around 80K, corresponding to the superconducting transition. The current-voltage characteristics at 5K exhibited a small hysteresis and voltage jump, which can be explained by the intrinsic Josephson effect.Comment: 3 page PDF fil

d-like Symmetry of the Order Parameter and Intrinsic Josephson Effects in Bi2212 Cross-Whisker Junctions

An intrinsic tunnel junction was made using two Bi-2212 single crystal whiskers. The two whiskers with a cross-angle were overlaid at their c-planes and connected by annealing. The angular dependence of the critical current density along the c-axis is of the d-wave symmetry. However, the angular dependence is much stronger than that of the conventional d-wave. Furthermore, the current vs. voltage characteristics of the cross-whiskers junctions show a multiple-branch structure at any cross-angle, indicating the formation of the intrinsic Josephson junction array.Comment: 4 pages PDF fil

Transcriptional suppression of nephrin in podocytes by macrophages: Roles of inflammatory cytokines and involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway

AbstractExpression of nephrin, a crucial component of the glomerular slit diaphragm, is downregulated in patients with proteinuric glomerular diseases. Using conditionally immortalized reporter podocytes, we found that bystander macrophages as well as macrophage-derived cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α markedly suppressed activity of the nephrin gene promoter in podocytes. The cytokine-initiated repression was reversible, observed on both basal and inducible expression, independent of Wilms’ tumor suppressor WT1, and caused in part via activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway. These results indicated a novel mechanism by which activated macrophages participate in the induction of proteinuria in glomerular diseases