181 research outputs found
Reconsideration of Diagnosis of Glossalgia
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也ç¥ãããé£æ²»æ§ã®çã¿ãåæ ãããŠãããã®ãšèãããããThere are many kinds of diseases that can cause glossalgia, and it is not always easy to determine the differential diagnosis. Glossalgia is characterized by tongue pain without pathological changes, and divided into primary and secondary glossalgia. Secondary glossalgia is defined as glossalgia that has a clear cause. Causal therapies for secondary glossalgia are expected to relieve or cure its symptoms; however, they do not produce favorable responses in refractory cases. We treated several patients with secondary glossalgia treated with concomitant goreisan and powdered processed aconite roots (PA), and considered diagnosis of glossalgia. The patients were 3 females aged 53 to 78 years who presented at our hospital due to glossalgia. They were diagnosed with secondary glossalgia caused by xerostomia. The administration of goreisan did not produce a favorable response in any of these patients. The addition of PA remarkably relieved the glossalgia in each patient. This concomitant medicines may be useful for secondary glossalgia. Therefore, pathological conditions of these cases may be featured by intractable pain rather than xerostomia
Signal Intensity Characteristics of Liver Masses at Hepatobiliary Phase Images of Gadoxetate-Enhanced MR (EOB-MR): Qualitative Assessment
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¥éãšããŠãã«ããŽãªãŒåãã®åé¡ã ããåãæ±ããã®ãšããã"This paper aims to introduce \u27categorisation\u27 as a theoretical principle of cognitive linguistics. Before that, the historical background of linguistic study is briefly remarked upon, so that we can understand why cognitive linguistics is required. As its name suggests, the cognitive view of language attempts to investigate human cognitive activities by referring to the nature of language. This approach regards language as the most important medium for the purpose of \u27construal\u27, so that cognitive linguists believe that language use is realised by the interaction between the two functions of language; i.e. the communicative function and the function of making sense. Especially cognitive linguists are interested in the fact that the human subjectivity plays a primary role in the cognitive process of the meaning production, and then the process is represented in the coding system of language in a certain specific context. Therefore, it is very important to examine two questions; i.e. how we construe our surroundings and how our realisation is expressed in the practical use of language. Cognitive linguistics is a relatively new approach to language, so that there are many things to be discussed; e.g. the consensus about the unification of technical terms, the counter arguments for some criticisms, and so on. Also, this paper isn\u27t big enough to cover all the theoretical issues, but only examine categorisation as a salient principle of the theory.
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ãªèœåãšããŠéçºãããŠãããã®ãçµ±åããæ©äŒãããŠãªãç¶æ³ã«ãããããããäžã«ãã£ãŠããåŠç¿è
ã«èšèªã«é¢ããç¥èãããåºãäŒããããã«ãããå¹æçãªæå°æ¹æ³ãæ±ããããŠããããããŠãããã¯çè«ã«è£æã¡ããããäœç³»ã ã£ãããã°ã©ã ã®ããšã§å®è·µãããã¹ãææ¥ã§ãããšèããã"This paper aims to survey some linguistic research on vocabulary, and to demonstrate a basic idea; that is, the cognitive linguistic knowledge can give the positive contribution not a little to the teaching and learning English as a foreign language in Japan. As for vocabulary, linguistics provides two relevant disciplines. Morphology illustrates the internal structure of words and the process of word-formation. That is how the conceptual stratum of sound, form, and meaning comes to be realised as a word. Lexical-semantics provides theory that the meaning of word is associated with the other words in terms of the sense relation. In many cases, the great effort into the linguistic research on vocabulary is unfortunately regarded as the restriction or rules in language use. However, the fact is that language is much more dynamic in its nature than what has been taught, so that the dynamicity should be emphasized in the context of Japanese education. Then, how? Cognitive linguistic research would suggest that it is important to involve the nature of human being in language study, considering the human cognitive activity as what provides the reason for the linguistic data. By this, language teachers can explain both the internal structure of a word that would be motivated in many cases rather than arbitrary, and the external structure of the word as the network of meaning in a certain semantic field.
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"This paper investigates the mechanism of a typical passive construction (namely, ""be + past participle"") in the language system of English from the view point of cognitive linguistics. Cognitive linguistics has an important principle; that, ""Different forms have different meanings"". Therefore, we can be sure that there is something different within the grammatical exchange for active and passive constructions. Normally, however, few students of EFL in Japan understand the relatively delicate gap between these two constructions. This is partly because they have never received a linguistic explanation about the system of the English language. Also, this is simply because teachers have never found it necessary to refer to the gap. However, I would claim, this is because there are few people who know that our construal tends to reflect on our language use by means of our choice in the cognitive process. A cognitive linguistic approach can explain why we choose a passive construction even when the event itself is active. Also, this approach can point out for us that there are some differences in the process of exchange between the passive and active voice in the pragmatic context, even if both constructions describe the same event. For example, the sentence structure is changed from active to passive when we interpret that the actor of the event is not as significant as the target of the action. Also, the grammatical subject of a passive construction doesn\u27t consist of an agent (or, an actor) in the semantic structure of English. Passive construction is also explored from linguistic typological perspectives. In that section, passive constructions of English are systematically examined referring to the Japanese language. The comparative analysis will help us to discover how we can properly make use of the difference between the passive and active voice in English.
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