An Analysis of \pi\pi-Scattering Phase Shift and Existence of \sigma(555) particle

In most of the Nambu:Jona-Lasinio(NJL)-type models, realizing the hidden chiral symmetry, the existence of a scalar particle \sigma is needed with a mass m_\sigma=2 m_q, as a partner of the Nambu-Goldstone boson \pi. However, the results of many analyses on \pi\pi phase-shift thus far made have been negative for its existence. In this paper we re-analyze the phase-shift, applying a new method, the interfering amplitude method, which treats the T-matrix directly and describes multi-resonances in conformity with the unitarity. As a result, the existence of \sigma has been strongly suggested from the behavior of the \pi\pi-->\pi\pi phase shift between the \pi\pi- and the KK- thresholds, with mass = 553.3 +- 0.5_{st} MeV and width= 242.6 +- 1.2_{st} MeV. The most crucial point in our analysis is the introduction of a negative background phase, possibly reflecting a ``repulsive core" in \pi\pi interactions. The properties of f_0(980) are also investigated from data including those over the KK threshold. Its mass is obtained as 993.2 +- 6.5_{st} +- 6.9_{sys} MeV. Its width is about a hundred MeV, although this depends largely on the treatment of the elasticity and the \pi\pi-->KK phase shift, both of which may have large experimental uncertainties.Comment: 22 pages, Latex with Prog. Theor. Phys. format PTPTEX.sty, 4 EPS figure

Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a close evolutionary relationship between Podosphaera (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae) and its rosaceous hosts

Podosphaera is a genus of the powdery mildew fungi belonging to the tribe Cystotheceae of the Erysiphaceae. Among the host plants of Podosphaera, 86 % of hosts of the section Podosphaera and 57 % hosts of the subsection Sphaerotheca belong to the Rosaceae. In order to reconstruct the phylogeny of Podosphaera and to determine evolutionary relationships between Podosphaera and its host plants, we used 152 ITS sequences and 69 28S rDNA sequences of Podosphaera for phylogenetic analyses. As a result, Podosphaera was divided into two large clades: clade 1, consisting of the section Podosphaera on Prunus (P. tridactyla s.l.) and subsection Magnicellulatae; and clade 2, composed of the remaining member of section Podosphaera and subsection Sphaerotheca. Because section Podosphaera takes a basal position in both clades, section Podosphaera may be ancestral in the genus Podosphaera, and the subsections Sphaerotheca and Magnicellulatae may have evolved from section Podosphaera independently. Podosphaera isolates from the respective subfamilies of Rosaceae each formed different groups in the trees, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship between Podosphaera spp. and their rosaceous hosts. However, tree topology comparison and molecular clock calibration did not support the possibility of co-speciation between Podosphaera and Rosaceae. Molecular phylogeny did not support species delimitation of P. aphanis, P. clandestina, P. ferruginea, P. spiraeae and P. tridactyla in their current circumscriptions, which suggests the need for revision of these species

Determination of Reactivity and Neutron Flux Using Modified Neural Network for HTGR

Nuclear kinetic calculations based on point kinetic model have been generally applied as the standard method for neutronics codes. As the central control rod (C-CR) withdrawal test has demonstrated in a prismatic core type high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) named High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR), the transient calculation of kinetic parameter, reactivity, and neutron fluxes, requires a new method to shorten calculation-process time. Development of neural network method was applied to point kinetic model as the necessity of real-time calculation that could work in parallel with the digital reactivity meter. The combination of Time Delayed Neural Network (TDNN) and Jordan Recurrent Neural Network (Jordan RNN) named TD-Jordan RNN was the result of the modeling approach. The application of TD-Jordan RNN with adequate learning, tested offline, determined results accurately even when signal inputs were noisy. Furthermore, the preprocessing for neural network input utilized noise reduction as one of the equations to transform two of twelve time-delayed inputs into power corrected inputs

Estimativa de biomassa epígea e estoque de carbono de sistemas agroflorestais em Tomé-Açu, Pará.

Os SAF (sistemas agroflorestais) fazem parte de uma importante estratégia de uso da terra voltada aos serviços ambientais, em especial, à fixação de carbono pela biomassa vegetal. Este trabalho apresenta atividades desenvolvidas com objetivo de estimar a EBE (biomassa epígea) e o EC (estoque de carbono) existentes em SAF no município de Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil. Os dados dendrométricos foram obtidos por inventário agroflorestal realizado em 63 parcelas amostrais. Inventariou-se uma taxa de 9027 indivíduos/ha, com DAP ? 2,5 cm, pertencentes a 20 famílias e 29 espécies. Considerando-se a variabilidade encontrada inerente às informações estruturais, florísticas e do estágio vegetativo das plantas, os SAF foram divididos em quatro classes hierárquicas: SAF-1, SAF-2, SAF-3 e SAF-4. Para a estimativa da EBE, utilizou-se o método indireto, baseado em equações alométricas, para diferentes classes diamétricas (DAP?20 cm, DAP<20 cm) e para palmeiras. A média da EBE dos SAF foi de 153,21 Mg ha -1 e do EC foi de 74,30 Mg C ha -1

Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Eurasian Neoerysiphe species infecting Asteraceae and Geranium

Because Eurasian samples of Neoerysiphe collected on the Asteraceae were not identical in morphology, the molecular and morphological differences among these specimens were compared with those of the American N. cumminsiana. Neoerysiphe on Asteraceae was found to consist of at least four different species. Three of them are described as new species, viz. N. hiratae, N. joerstadii, and N. nevoi. Neoerysiphe hiratae is a Japanese species parasitizing hosts belonging to the genera Cacalia and Ligularia (tribe Senecioneae). Neoerysiphe joerstadii was found in Israel on Phagnalon rupestre (tribe Gnaphalieae). Neoerysiphe nevoi was recorded in Israel and Ukraine on a number of hosts in different genera but all belonging to tribe Cichorieae. Thus, Eurasian Neoerysiphe species infecting the Asteraceae are strongly specialised to particular tribes of this family. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the three new species were not closely allied. Neoerysiphe hiratae is related to the American N. cumminsiana and species belonging to Oidium subg. Striatoidium. Neoerysiphe nevoi is sister to N. geranii, and N. joerstadii is allied to N. galii. In addition, Ukrainian Neoerysiphe samples on Geranium were phylogenetically and morphologically identical to Japanese samples of N. geranii, and this fungus seems to be an invasive species in Ukraine

Field Detection of Microcracks to Define the Nucleation Stage of Earthquake Occurrence

Main shocks of natural earthquakes are known to be accompanied by preshocks which evolve following the modified Ohmori’s law in average over many samples. Individual preshock activity, however, is far less systematic for predictive purposes. On the other hand, the microcracks in laboratory rock experiments are always preceded to final rupture. And, previous investigations of field acoustic emissions showed that the activity increases prominently before and after the main shock. But there is no detection of any phenomena to identify the nucleation stage. Here we show that a special underground electric field measurement could detect microcracks. Pulse-like variations were classified into three groups (A, B, C) by frequency. The B-type is suggested to define the nucleation period: activity increases sharply following the modified Omori’s law before the main shock and there is no activity afterward. The B-type is subgrouped into three types possibly corresponding to crack-rupture modes. The variations are supposed to be induced by crack occurrence through electrokinetic effects in the elastic-porous medium. The detection distance is suggested to be several orders larger than that of the acoustic emission due to the effective smallness of dissipation rate, and the waveform can be used to infer the rupture mode

Gasperini syndrome as clinical manifestation of pontine demyelination

The Gasperini syndrome is a very rare brainstem disease characterized by the typical combination of ipsilateral lesions of the cranial nerves V-VII and dissociated contralateral hemihypesthesia, whereas both contralateral and ipsilateral hypacusis was described. Since the first description in 1912, only a few cases of this crossed brainstem syndrome were published so far. Pontine infarction and bleedings were the reported causes of the syndrome. Here we report a 44-year-old man with the classical Gasperini syndrome due to pontine demyelination in multiple sclerosis. The clinical findings were correlated with changes on MRI. The present case shows that classical crossed brainstem syndromes are topological terms not invariably associated with brainstem ischemia in particular vascular areas and may contribute to the differential diagnosis of peripheral facial nerve palsy

Bio-inspired domino reduction of nitroarenes by acrolein-amine conjugates in one-pot operation

© 2017 The Chemical Society of Japan.Biologically relevant amines react with acrolein to provide 3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidine (FDP) as the oxidative stress product, which has reduction potential via hydrogen transfer. This biogenic process was applied to the domino reduction of electron-deficient nitroarenes in one-pot operation, by simply mixing primary amine, acrolein, nitroarene, and calcium chloride. The reaction can be performed in a gram-scale without the use of hazardous metals