Aménagement de l’acquisition: du trilinguisme fonctionnel à la pédagogie convergente

Social bilingualism, unlike official bilingualism, is very common. In most countries, the official language/s and tens or hundreds of other languages coexist; many such unofficial languages facing extinction. What is noticeable is that when language planning does not follow the ecological approach, i.e., when it emphasizes the strengthening of a particular language rather than the “structured diversity” of all the languages that make up a particular linguistic ecosystem, that can negatively impact the survival of minority languages. This study, which was carried out from the perspective of ecolinguistics, was aimed at promoting linguistic diversity through the protection of minority languages. It was essentially based on acquisition planning. The protection referred to here could be ensured, among other means, through the progressive acquisition of three or more languages in the education system. In Cameroon, a French – English bilingual country, the minority official language and many local languages are taught in school with varying degrees of success. It was interesting to critically look at some teaching approaches of those languages with the objective of showing how it could be possible, for those whose first language is neither French nor English, to better learn French and/or English, through convergent pedagogy, an educative approach based on the development of bilingualism or multilingualism.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v2i2.202

Determination of dose distribution of Ruthenium-106 Ophthalmic applicators

In this project, small CaSO4:Dy TLDs and a semiconductor MOSFET dosimeter were used for the determination of on-axis depth dose-rate distributions of 15-mm and 20-mm ruthenium-106 applicators in acrylic eye phantoms. The TLDs were also used to determine off-axis dose distributions.Thesis (M.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physics and Mathematical Physics, 200

« ÇA N’A RIEN A VOIR NI AVEC MA VIE NI AVEC MON AVENIR, DONC POURQUOI CONTINUER ? » : EXPLORER LES RAISONS AUTO-DECLAREES DU PEU D’ENGOUEMENT DES ELEVES A SUIVRE LE FLS DANS LES ECOLES SECONDAIRES A LETHBRIDGE EN ALBERTA

En Alberta, les inscriptions aux cours de français langue seconde (FLS) dans les écoles secondaires révèlent qu’il y a peu d’intérêt parmi les élèves à apprendre le français. Bien qu’une frange importante des élèves du secondaire ait déjà rencontré la langue française à l’école primaire, la majorité ne poursuit pas l’apprentissage du FLS. À travers un questionnaire anonyme adressé aux élèves de 11e année d’une école secondaire à Lethbridge, cette étude examine les différentes raisons qui justifieraient ce faible intérêt. Peu d’élèves ont démontré une motivation intégrative et/ou instrumentale. Les données suggèrent aussi l’importance des rencontres culturelles avec la francophonie. En outre, il est possible que le FLS, tel qu’il est pratiqué, contienne en lui-même un défaut qui expliquerait, ne serait-ce qu’en partie, ce faible engouement. En tenant compte de tout cela, nous discutons dans cet article des approches possibles visant à encourager plus d’élèves à suivre les cours de FLS

Seismic velocity and attenuation structures of the Queen Charlotte Basin from full-waveform tomography of seismic reflection data

We applied viscoacoustic waveform tomography to four seismic reflection lines from the central and northern part of the Queen Charlotte sedimentary basin and, using frequencies of 7–12 Hz, we estimated the compressional velocity and attenuation above a depth of approximately 1.2 km. We refined our previously published inversion strategy by alternating between phase-only and amplitude-plus-phase velocity inversion for the first two pairs of frequencies used, and added a second step, in which we inverted for attenuation from the lowest frequency using the final recovered velocity model and an initial homogeneous Qp-model. Our recovered velocity and attenuation models demonstrated an overall good correlation with the available sonic and gamma-ray logs. Modeled seismic data matches the field data well and 1D velocity and attenuation profiles extracted at line intersections show a good correlation, thus demonstrating the robust nature of the results.Recovered velocities aid in interpreting shallow structures not readily identifiable on the conventional migration such as Quaternary strata and Pliocene faulting. Recovered attenuation values in the sedimentary rocks are generally consistent with saturated sandstones and consistent with the geology interpreted from well logs. Localized regions of elevated attenuation and associated low velocities correlate with siltstones and shales, the presence of hydrocarbons, or inferred increases in porosity due to fracturing. Seafloor pockmarks, where venting of gas occurs, are underlain by low velocities and an anomalous attenuation variation, and pipe-like gas chimneys are interpreted in two other areas of Hecate Strait. Igneous basement is associated with high velocity and high attenuation in its uppermost part, suggesting the presence of volcanic rocks, but the elevated attenuation may also be due to scattering and elastic mode conversions not included in the viscoacoustic inversion

Perceptions of, and attitudes towards, English teaching and learning in Cameroon’s technical education

This study examined the current practices, difficulties and impacts of English as second official language (ESOL) teaching and learning in secondary schools in Cameroon. It investigated the perceptions and attitudes of students, teachers and parents towards the teaching and learning of ESOL, including prevailing teaching and learning practices. This study stemmed from the observation that the exit profile of most students in technical secondary schools does not correspond to the official exit profile set out by the Ministry of Secondary Education (MINESEC). It was therefore necessary to survey students, parents, and teachers with the goal of identifying areas of concern and proposing remedial solutions. Responses of these key stakeholders selected in four education institutions (including two technical high schools and two general high schools) to questionnaires have provided data for the study. Such responses offered insights into the current situation in Cameroon’s ESOL, as well as into the possible utility of, and desire for, the development of ESOL courses aimed at students learning in technical schools. The inclusion and development of English for specific purposes (ESP) in Cameroon’s ESOL teaching and learning could help bring education stakeholders and policymakers closer to what they want to see from the country’s ESOL program

Discours polémique et rhétorique du polémique dans La croix du sud de Joseph Ngoué

Este artículo se ocupa de la retórica y trata de retórica de la polémica. El arte de la retorica, tal como fue dibujado por Aristóteles, es el arte de la explotación de los argumentos persuasivos en el discurso. Reposa sobre tres parámetros necesarios para el arte de la persuasión, de los que hemos retenido dos en el marco de este trabajo: el pathos y el logos, porque ambos son los más manifiestos en la persuasión polémica. El primero consiste en persuadir al oponente por medio de los afectos; mientras que el segundo persuade con la razón. La particularidad de este artículo consiste en poner de manifiesto las categorías de argumentos persuasivos convocados en un contexto polémico y que constituyen la particularidad de tal discurso. Así, se exponen los patetismos que parecen propios de lo polémico e igualmente los argumentos lógicos que son típicos de este discurso

UNE STYLISATION DE LA NOMINATION DE LA RACE DANS LA CROIX DU SUD DE JOSEPH NGOUÉ

Résumé : La Croix du Sud de Joseph Ngoué porte sur le conflit racial entre Noir et Blanc. L’une des facettes du conflit est axée sur la nomination de l’autre par chaque communauté raciale, où on assiste à divers procédés linguistiques de désignation de la race adverse, une diversité qui est le témoignage d’une stylisation du langage de la nomination. C’est à cet égard que le procès de la désignation fait observer le problème de l’objectivité de celle-ci, qui n’apparaît plus objective mais subjective. Ce qui a inspiré la problématique suivante : comment les structures linguistiques montrent-elles que la nomination de la race se déporte de l’objectivité à la subjectivité, autrement dit comment la nomination se départit de la dénotation pour se réinvestir en connotation ? Ces procédés linguistiques font-ils observer une stylisation du langage dans le processus de nomination ? Quelle image de l’être est ainsi délivrée de cette esthétisation de la nomination ? C’est au regard de cette esthétique que nous avons opté d’analyser ce langage en nous fondant sur la stylistique, en donnant une orientation sémasiologique à notre démarche. Il ressort de l’analyse que la désignation de la race se montre de prime abord objective, en s’axant sur une vue dénotative de la référence, mais cette objectivité se perd quand le sujet parlant connote la désignation en la colorant de sa subjectivité. C’est alors que la désignation se donne en objet de style, faisant lire la manière dont chaque race conçoit la race adverse et la désigne. Se perçoit que le Blanc regarde le Noir comme un pseudo être humain, un être veule, sans dignité ni valeur. Le Noir, par contre, conçoit le Blanc comme un négrophobe, cruel et sans empathie. La couleur de la peau renvoie à un état d’être. L’œuvre devient une axiologisation de la valeur de la race qu’incarne la peau. Le Blanc regarde la peau noire comme ignoble, connotant le Noir comme un être abâtardi. Le Noir trouve la peau blanche belle, un trompe-l’œil qui cache l’âme inhumaine qui caractérise cette race

Short-Term Behavior of a Geothermal Energy Storage: Modeling and Theoretical Results

This paper investigates numerical methods for simulations of the short-term behavior of a geothermal energy storage. Such simulations are needed for the optimal control and management of residential heating systems equipped with an underground thermal storage. There a given volume under or aside of a building is filled with soil and insulated to the surrounding ground. The thermal energy is stored by raising the temperature of the soil inside the storage. It is charged and discharged via heat exchanger pipes filled with a moving fluid. Simulations of geothermal energy storages aim to determine how much energy can be stored in or taken from the storage within a given short period of time. The latter depends on the dynamics of the spatial temperature distribution in the storage which is governed by a linear heat equation with convection and appropriate boundary and interface conditions. We consider semi- and full discretization of that PDE using upwind finite difference schemes and study associated stability problems. Numerical results based on the derived methods are presented in the companion paper [12].Comment: 25 page

Short-Term Behavior of a Geothermal Energy Storage: Numerical Applications

This paper is devoted to numerical simulations of the short-term behavior of the spatial temperature distribution in a geothermal energy storage. Such simulations are needed for the optimal control and management of residential heating systems equipped with an underground thermal storage. We apply numerical methods derived in our companion paper [8]. There we studied the governing initial boundary value problem for a linear heat equation with convection. Further, we perform extensive numerical experiments in which we investigate properties of the spatio-temporal temperature distribution and of its aggregated characteristics.Comment: 28 page