ジンセイ ニ タイスル コウカイ オヨビ ジュウジツカン ノ シテン ニヨル イキカタタイド ニカンスル ケンキュウ

論

タシャ カラノ ジュヨウカン ト イキカタタイド ニカンスル ケンキュウ ソンザイジュヨウ シャクド ニヨル ケントウ

本研究では存在受容感尺度の再検討を行い、大学生および成人男女合計1695名(M687名、F1008名:大学生から70代以上の計7つの年齢群)を対象に、存在受容感尺度が測定する領域の発達的変化の検討および生き方態度との関連の検討を行った。存在受容感尺度からは4因子「他者からの受容感」「孤独感・疎外感」「超越力を意識」「感謝・安らぎ感」が抽出されたが、前2下位尺度は性の主効果のみが見られ、「他者からの受容感」は女性が、「孤独感・疎外感」は男性がそれぞれ有意に得点が高く、性差が明確なものとなっていた。「超越力を意識」領域および「感謝・安らぎ感」は加齢に伴って得点が上昇する傾向にあり、前者では女性の20代から30代にかけて0.1%水準での有意な得点上昇が特徴的であった。また、両者共に女性の方が男性よりも得点が高い傾向にあり、前者では30代、40代、60代において性差が見られ、後者でも女性の方が男性よりも有意に得点が高く、性差が明確なものとなっていた。さらに、「他者からの受容感」や「感謝・安らぎ感」は自己の存在価値意識や自己受容と正の関連をもち、人生に対する積極的な生き方態度や他者受容にも影響を及ぼすものであることが示された

Contacts between the commissural axons and the floor plate cells are mediated by nectins

AbstractDuring development of the central nervous system (CNS), commissural axons grow toward the ventral midline. After crossing the floor plate, they abruptly change their trajectory from the circumferential to the longitudinal axis. The contacts between the commissural axons and the floor plate cells are involved in this axonal guidance, but their mechanisms or structures have not fully been understood. In this study, we found that nectin-1 and -3, immunoglobulin-like cell–cell adhesion molecules, asymmetrically localized at the contact sites between the commissural axons and the floor plate cells, respectively. In vitro perturbation of the endogenous trans-interaction between nectin-1 and -3 caused abnormal fasciculation of the commissural axons and impairment of the contacts, and resulted in failure in longitudinal turns of the commissural axons at the contralateral sites of the rat hindbrain. These results indicate that the contacts between the commissural axons and the floor plate cells are mediated by the hetero-trans-interaction between nectin-1 and -3 and involved in regulation of the trajectory of the commissural axons

Clinical trials for drug approval : a pilot study of the view of doctors at Tokushima University Hospital

The development of new and useful pharmaceutical drugs is essential in order to improve the quality of drug therapeutics. Clinical trials play a central role in drug development. Over time, the clinical trial infrastructure has improved and is now integrating the contribution of clinical research coordinators (CRC). Nevertheless, the attitude of doctors towards clinical trials still favors conventional/historical methodologies. In the present study, we explored the view of doctors towards clinical trials for drug development, in order to improve communication among participants, sponsors, and investigators. A questionnaire was designed for this pilot study. The questionnaire included general attitudes, difficult points, the benefit of doctors in participating as investigators, special attention requirements, and the expected role of CRC in clinical trials for drug approval. In addition, the appropriate use of the outpatient clinic was examined. The questionnaire was provided to doctors in each department of Tokushima University Hospital in 2000 and 2004. Because of the small number of subjects included in this pilot study, no statistical analysis is presented. A total of 89 (81%) and62 (56%) doctors among 110 responded to the survey in 2000 and 2004, respectively. Inquiries about the familiarity of the physicians with clinical trials for drug approval revealed that 84% in 2000 and 66% in 2004 were aware of such trials. The attitude towards participating as investigators in the clinical trials was favorable, with a response of 66% in 2000 and 58% in 2004. Patients’ refusal and the informed consent process were considered difficult areas by many doctors. Expected roles of CRC included activities based on the nurse’s specialty. Although many doctors agreed to take care of the study participants separately from the clinical practice, they lacked the time to do so. In spite of the doctors’ workload reduction by introduction of the CRC concept, their views regarding clinical trials for drug approval remain conventional. Further refinement in the support process by CRC should be considered in our hospital, and the views of the doctors should be investigated in a larger study, in order to promote clinical trials for drug approval in Japan

ARG098, a novel anti-human Fas antibody, suppresses synovial hyperplasia and prevents cartilage destruction in a severe combined immunodeficient-HuRAg mouse model

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The anti-human Fas/APO-1/CD95 (Fas) mouse/human chimeric monoclonal IgM antibody ARG098 (ARG098) targets the human Fas molecule. The cytotoxic effects of ARG098 on cells isolated from RA patients, on normal cells <it>in vitro</it>, and on RA synovial tissue and cartilage <it>in vivo </it>using implanted rheumatoid tissues in an SCID mouse model (SCID-HuRAg) were investigated to examine the potential of ARG098 as a therapy for RA.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>ARG098 binding to each cell was analyzed by cytometry. The effects of ARG098 on several cells were assessed by a cell viability assay <it>in vitro</it>. Effects on the RA synovium, lymphocytes, and cartilage were assessed <it>in vivo </it>using the SCID-HuRAg mouse model.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>ARG098 bound to cell surface Fas molecules, and induced apoptosis in Fas-expressing RA synoviocytes and infiltrating lymphocytes in the RA synovium in a dose-dependent manner. However, ARG098 did not affect the cell viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of RA patients or normal chondrocytes. ARG098 also induced apoptosis in RA synoviocytes and infiltrating lymphocytes in the RA synovium <it>in vivo</it>. The destruction of cartilage due to synovial invasion was inhibited by ARG098 injection in the modified SCID-HuRAg mouse model.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>ARG098 treatment suppressed RA synovial hyperplasia through the induction of apoptosis and prevented cartilage destruction <it>in vivo</it>. These results suggest that ARG098 might become a new therapy for RA.</p

テレビ電話による在宅療養者間のネットワーク形成

在宅テレケアを行っている在宅療養者同士のテレビ電話による在宅ネットワークの形成を推進し、約1年間運用した。運用状況からネットワーク化の過程を5つのパターンに分けて分析した結果、以下のことが明らかになった。テレビ電話による在宅療養者間のネットワーク形成に適応するのは、日中1人で過ごすことが多く、外出により社会交流やその他のサービスを利用する機会の少ない事例、または、自宅に居ながら自分の能力を活かして他者へ支援したいと考えている事例である。ネットワーク形成に不適応なのは、普段から人との交流やコミュニケーションが苦手な事例である。また、在宅療養者間のネットワークを形成していくためには、在宅療養者の交信に対する期待や身体・生活状況等を把握した調整役が必要である

コーディネーター介入による在宅虚弱高齢者同士のテレビ電話を活用したネットワーク形成

在宅虚弱高齢者の社会的孤立感の解消や自立生活の助長をはかることを目的として、在宅虚弱高齢者同士のネットワークをテレビ電話を活用し、コーディネーターの介入により形成する試みを開始した。対象者及びネットワークの形成を促進するコーディネーターを選定した後、対象者にテレビ電話を設置し評価基準を定めて介入をした。2ヶ月間の介入をした段階で、在宅虚弱高齢者同士のネットワークの形成に向けての動きが見られた