Synthesis and Characterization of Mobile Crystalline Material-41 Doped with Titanium and Iron

Titanium-doped mobile crystalline material-41s (MCM-41s) and Fe- and Ti-doped MCM-41s were synthesized by direct thermal synthesis at moderate Ti and small Fe doping amounts, and their structural and porous properties were examined by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, and ultraviolet-visible absorption techniques. It was found that a moderate Ti addition condition is required to introduce Ti species into the framework of silica walls without losing the regular mesoporous structure. Further Fe incorporation into Ti-doped MCM-41 modifies the mixed phase–doped structure and shifts the absorption edge to the visible light range. By appropriately choosing synthesis conditions, it is possible to incorporate both Ti and Fe in MCM-41 without sacrificing the ordered mesoporosity and the high specific surface area while greatly improving the light absorption properties

Clinical and virologic effects of four neuraminidase inhibitors in influenza A virus-infected children (aged 4–12 years): an open-label, randomized study in Japan

<p><b>Background</b>: Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) reduce influenza symptoms but clear evidence of relationships between viral titer reduction and symptom alleviation is lacking. This open-label, randomized study evaluated differences in viral dynamics between NAIs, and relationships between viral dynamics and influenza symptoms (trial registration number: UMIN000012670).</p> <p><b>Methods</b>: Patients (n = 123) aged 4–12 years with influenza A virus infection were randomized to intravenous peramivir, oral oseltamivir, inhaled zanamivir, or inhaled laninamivir. Patients received regular viral assessments of nasal discharge, at least until rapid antigen tests were negative. Time to virus clearance, based on influenza virus titer, was the primary endpoint.</p> <p><b>Results</b>: Peramivir recipients had a significantly shorter time to virus clearance than oseltamivir recipients (adjusted p = 0.035). Comparisons between the peramivir group and other NAI groups were not significant. There were no significant inter-group differences in other clinical efficacy endpoints (time to resolution of fever, time to alleviation of symptoms). However, the peramivir group showed a smaller numerical proportion of relapses with fever or positive virus than the other groups.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: The time to virus clearance was significantly shorter with peramivir than with oseltamivir. Although no clear relationship between virus dynamics and symptoms was observed, ongoing studies should clarify the situation.</p