トク ヲ オシエル コト ニ ツイテ ―プラトン 『メノン』 ニ オケル ソクラテス ト アニュトス トノ タイワ

プラトン『メノン』におけるソクラテスとアニュトスによる、自分たちの息子を徳ある者にすることができなかった徳ある者たちに関する対話の箇所の検討を、この対話篇の主題「徳は教えられうるか」を踏まえつつ、現代の徳倫理学におけるエウダイモニア主義とプラトンにおける徳と倫理に関する問題の所在を踏まえつつ、検討していった論文。知識としての徳と、世俗的な徳の相違を明らかにしつつ、その相違は徳の探求の方法の相違と不可分であり、現代の徳倫理学との比較のためには、この両者の相違を踏まえる必要があるとした

辰巳ヨシヒロは「劇画」で何を表現したか ―『黒い吹雪』における「よるべのなさ」

本論文は、1970年前後に辰巳ヨシヒロが執筆した作品に対して評されることのある「うらぶれ」「よるべのない」という評価が、1956年に執筆された『黒い吹雪』においてもなされうるかどうかを検討する。そしてこの作品から、「よるべのない」と表現されうる作風の萌芽を読み取ることができることを示す。具体的には、主要登場人物の一人であるイカサマ博奕打ちの男の「よるべのない」心のありようについて具体的に検討し解釈することによって、それが示される

Pharmacokinetics of Beclomethasone Dipropionate in an Hydrofluoroalkane-134a Propellant System in Japanese Children with Bronchial Asthma

ABSTRACTBackgroundHydrofluoroalkane-134a (HFA) has been shown to be a safe replacement for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as a pharmaceutical propellant, with the advantage that it has no ozone-depleting potential. This is the first report of the pharmacokinetics of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) delivered from a pressurized solution formulation using an HFA propellant system (HFA-BDP) in Japanese children with bronchial asthma.MethodsPlasma concentrations of beclomethasone 17-monopropionate (17-BMP), a major metabolite of BDP, following an inhaled dose of HFA-BDP (200 μg as four inhalations from 50 μg/actuation) in five Japanese children with bronchial asthma were quantified and analyzed by a non-compartmental analysis to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters.ResultsThe area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable time (AUC0-t) was 1659 ± 850 pg • h/mL (arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (SD)), the maximum concentration observed (Cmax) was 825 ± 453 pg/mL and the apparent elimination half-life (t1/2) was 2.1 ± 0.7 hours. The time to reach Cmax (Tmax) was 0.5 hours in all patients. No special relationship was observed between these parameters and age or body weight. These parameters were compared with the previously reported parameters of American children with bronchial asthma. The Japanese/American ratio of the geometric means of each parameter was 1.36 for AUC0-t, 1.04 for Cmax and 1.4 for t1/2. The median of Tmax was 0.5 hours in American patients as well as Japanese patients.ConclusionsThe pharmacokinetics of HFA-BDP in Japanese children with bronchial asthma are reported for the first time and a similarity to those in American children is suggested

Lymphocyte Responses to Chymotrypsin- or Trypsin V-Digested β-Lactoglobulin in Patients with Cow's Milk Allergy

<p/> <p>Chymotrypsin- or trypsin V- (a mixture of trypsin and chymotrypsin) digested β-lactoglobulin (BLG) peptides were prepared and were confirmed to have much less immunoglobulin (lg)G and lgE reactivity compared with intact BLG by IgG inhibition enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and IgE dot blotting. The lymphocyte responses to intact BLG and these peptides were examined using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 patients with cow's milk allergy. The PBMCs from most patients had lower lymphocyte responses to chymotrypsin- and trypsin V-digested BLG peptides than those to intact BLG. However, PBMCs from one and two patients retained significant proliferative responses to both peptides and to only the former peptide, respectively. Interferon-c production stimulated by chymotrypsin-digested peptides was still detectable in all five patients tested. Chymotrypsindigested BLG reduced lgE reactivity but still induced some lymphocyte responses.</p

低酸素下の最大運動において、運動前の低酸素暴露時間の違いが血漿アンモニア濃度に及ぼす影響

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a difference in hypoxic exposure duration before exercise on maximum plasma ammonia concentrations at maximal exercise in hypoxia. On three occasions, seven healthy male subjects performed an incremental exhaustive exercise on a cycle ergometer ; 1) Inhaling 12% O_2 from 60min before exercise to 10 min after exercise (HP60) ; 2) inspiring 12% O_2 from 10 min before exercise to 10 min after exercise (HP10) ; and 3) Inhaling air (MAX). Arterialized blood was drawn from a superficial arm vein. Arterial O_2 saturation (SaO_2), blood gas, plasma lactate, and plasma ammonia were determined. SaO_2 before exercise was lower in HP60 than that in HP10 (P<0.001). Blood Ph before exercise was lower in HP60 than that in MAX (P<0.05). Maximum plasma lactate concentrations were the same levels in all three tests. Maximum plasma ammonia concentration in HP60 was lower than that in MAX (P<0.01), while that in HP10 did not differ from that in MAX. From these results we suggest that a longer duration of hypoxic exposure before exercise may have resulted in a lower SaO_2 and a stronger respiratory alkalosis, maximum ammonia concentration which has lead a lower at maximal exercise in hypoxia

水分補給による持久性運動パフォーマンスの修飾 : 特に水分量・グルコース・電解質の相互関係

Considerable interest is attracted to the problems on water ingestion during exercise, however, it is still hypothesis that water ingestion would attenuate the exercise-induced increase in thermoregulatory mechanism such as rectal and muscle temperatures and plasma epinephrine, thereby resulting in less net muscle glycogen utilization. In the present review article, therefore, the hypothesis was discussed and confirmed by the results of 25 important papers related to the problems of improvement of physical performance based on the following three papers : (1) Effects of fluid ingestion during intermittent high intensity swimming exercise on thermoregulatory response and performance. (2) Effect of fluid ingestion on muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise. (3) Heat stress increases muscle glycogen use but reduces the oxidation of ingested carbohydrates during exercise. These review articles indicate that fluid ingestions reduces muscle glycogen use during prolonged exercise, which may account in part, for the improved performance in the hypothesis mentioned above