Pulmonary Cyst

Pulmonary cysts occupy an important place among diseases of the chest. and their treatment has to be considered by taking into account the pathologic condition of each disease. We have reported here the findings obtained through clinical experience of 6 cases of intrapulmonary bronchial cyst, 36 cases of giant bulla, and 127 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax, who were operated on during the past-odd 10 years at this hospital, with regard to the concept, pathologic condition, developmental mechanism, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of each disease

A Case of Double Gallbladder with Adenocarcinoma Arising from the Left Hepatic Duct: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Double gallbladder is a rare congenital biliary anomaly, but an accessory gallbladder arising from the left hepatic duct is a more remarkably rare congenital anomaly. We report a case of double gallbladder with adenocarcinoma and gallstones, which was preoperatively diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and then confirmed by open laparotomy. A review of the literature is presented

Successful resection of liver metastasis detected by exacerbation of skin symptom in a patient with dermatomyositis accompanied by rectal cancer: a case report and literature review

Abstract Background Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare syndrome that belongs to the group of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. The association between DM and malignancy is well recognized, and the severity of DM symptoms has been linked to the progression of metastatic disease. Case presentation We report the case of a 42-year-old man that was diagnosed with dermatomyositis (DM) and rectal cancer. Proctectomy was performed, and DM symptoms were resolved postoperatively. One year and 9\ua0months after the surgery, liver metastasis occurred accompanied by the exacerbation of DM symptom. Partial resection of the liver was performed, and postoperative course was uneventful. DM symptoms improved postoperatively, and no evidence of cancer recurrence or DM symptoms was observed 2\ua0years after the second surgery. To date, few reports have described recurring cases of DM accompanied by colorectal cancer in detail. We reviewed four similar cases that were reported poor prognoses with treatment resistance. However, our case report demonstrates good long-term results with resection of metastatic lesion. Conclusions It is important to check the exacerbation of DM symptoms, as this symptom sometimes preceded cancer relapse during the follow-up of our patient with DM and colorectal cancer

Hayabusa2’s superior solar conjunction mission operations: planning and post-operation results

Abstract In late 2018, the asteroid Ryugu was in the Sun’s shadow during the superior solar conjunction phase. As the Sun-Earth-Ryugu angle decreased to below 3°, the Hayabusa2 spacecraft experienced 21 days of planned blackout in the Earth-probe communication link. This was the first time a spacecraft had experienced solar conjunction while hovering around a minor body. For the safety of the spacecraft, a low energy transfer trajectory named Ayu was designed in the Hill reference frame to increase its altitude from 20 to 110 km. The trajectory was planned with the newly developed optNEAR tool and validated with real time data. This article shows the results of the conjunction operation, from planning to flight data.</jats:p

Establishment of an antiemetic protocol for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting evaluated using the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer Antiemesis Tool in colorectal cancer

This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and extent of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who underwent chemotherapy, using the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Antiemesis Tool (MAT), and establish an antiemetic protocol for the management of CINV, independent of the treating oncologist. We conducted a prospective observational study from October 2017 to June 2018 at the Higashihiroshima Medical Center. Patients who had undergone moderate CINV risk chemotherapy for CRC were eligible. The incidence of CINV was evaluated using the MAT, and medical prophylaxis was gradually provided following the antiemetic protocol. We enrolled 30 patients, and 27 of 30 patients (90%) were assessed more than once using the MAT. Among these 27 patients, the incidence of acute nausea was 30% and delayed nausea was 26% as evaluated using the MAT based on recommended pharmacological prophylaxis guidelines. Between the start and end of the survey, there was no significant difference in the numeric rating scale (NRS) score for acute nausea, but there was a significant reduction in the NRS score for delayed nausea. The clinical significance of the antiemetic protocol as assessed using the MAT in reducing CINV was demonstrated. The clinical use of the protocol may help in the realization that selective pharmacological prophylaxis for patients with CINV is possible, independent of the treating oncologist

Prognostic Assessment after Local Resection for the Treatment of Small Carcinoma in Lower Rectum

Local resection of the lower rectum was performed for the treatment of malignant polypoid lesions in 22 patients. The clinical outcomes of the procedure are summarized as follows; 1. For Ila + Ile type malignant polyp, transanal wedge resection of the entire rectal wall or a transsacral tube resection of the rectum should be performed; as a minimal preventive measure against local recurrence. 2. Early invasive carcinoma (sm) has a metastatic potential on distant organs. 3. In the case of polypoid carcinoma invading the muscle layer (pm), local resection was conducted only in the patients with distant metastasis or with serious complications and in aged patients. 4. When postoperative histological examination reveals a mistake in operative strategy, the patient should be reoperated immediately

Spontaneous regression of transverse colon cancer with high-frequency microsatellite instability: a case report and literature review

Abstract Background Spontaneous regression (SR) of colorectal cancer (CRC) is extremely rare, and only few cases have been reported. Although it is not yet clarified, a plausible mechanism for SR of CRC is an immunological event. Case presentation In this report, we present the case of SR of primary CRC in a 78-year-old man. Preoperative colonoscopy was performed, and a type 2 tumor measuring 30 mm in diameter in the transverse colon was detected. The biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Colectomy was performed 2 months after initial colonoscopy. During the surgery, only a 10-mm ulcer harboring a polypoid lesion measuring 8.5 mm was detected in the resected tissue; no other masses or carcinoma cells were seen on histological examination. Afterwards, the biopsy specimens were reanalyzed, and immunohistological analysis verified this as adenocarcinoma with stroma-infiltrating lymphocytes. Further analysis revealed a loss of two mismatch repair proteins, suggesting sporadic high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Conclusion According to previous literature, a common site of SR in CRC is the proximal colon, which is a feature of MSI-H CRC. However, our report showed a rare case of SR of CRC, which was in the transverse colon, with MSI-H present. This report indicates a relationship between immunological features of MSI-H and the occurrence of SR of CRC. A better understanding of this phenomenon and the mechanisms involved will have significant preventive and therapeutic implications for CRC, including anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy

Stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque by pitavastatin in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits: A serial tissue-characterizing intravascular ultrasound study

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the effects of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic plaque in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits using serial in vivo tissue-characterizing intravascular ultrasound.MethodsA total of 11 WHHL rabbits of 10–12 weeks of age were divided into two groups, control and pitavastatin-administered groups. A total of 29 atherosclerotic plaque segments from control group and 43 plaque segments from the pitavastatin group were serially imaged by 40MHz intravascular ultrasound in vivo with a tissue characterization software (iMAP™, Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA) at the baseline and the follow-up (16th week).ResultsThe level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly decreased in pitavastatin group. During the follow-up period, plaque area was significantly increased in the control group, whereas it was not significantly changed in the pitavastatin group. The fibrotic, necrotic, and necrotic plus lipidic areas were significantly increased in the control group, while no significant change was revealed for tissue profile in pitavastatin group. The change in the percent areas of fibrotic and lipidic plus necrotic tissues were significantly different between the two groups especially in the superficial half portion of plaque.ConclusionsThese data indicate that pitavastatin could attenuate atherosclerotic plaque formation and that it could stabilize the plaque in WHHL rabbits. Considering the fact that these were observed even with a high follow-up level of cholesterol, these data might come from the pleiotropic effects of pitavastatin