温帯広葉樹の道管形成と葉のフェノロジーの関係

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第19027号農博第2105号新制||農||1030(附属図書館)学位論文||H27||N4909(農学部図書室)31978京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻(主査)教授 大澤 晃, 教授 髙部 圭司, 教授 北島 薫学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Relationship between the timing of vessel formation and leaf phenology in ten ring-porous and diffuse-porous deciduous tree species

The goal of this study is to clarify how different aspects of plant function are coordinated developmentally for species of ring-porous versus diffuse-porous deciduous trees, comparing the timing of leaf phenology and vessel formation in twigs and stems from an ecophysiological viewpoint. Cylindrical stem cores and twigs were collected at intervals from early spring through summer from five ring-porous and five diffuse-porous species in a cool temperate forest, and leaf and vessel formation were observed simultaneously. We found that the first-formed vessels of the year were lignified in twigs around the time of leaf appearance and at or before full leaf expansion of each tree in both groups of species with flush-leaves. Vessels in stems were lignified 2 weeks before to 4 weeks after leaf appearance and before or around full leaf expansion of the tree in ring-porous species. This was significantly earlier than in diffuse-porous species, in which stem vessel lignification was 2–8 weeks after leaf appearance and at or after full leaf expansion of the tree. The timing of vessel formation in twigs compared to stems was significantly earlier in ring-porous species than in diffuse-porous species. Lignification of vessels in stems occurred within 2 weeks of lignification in the twigs of ring-porous species and 2–8 weeks after lignification in twigs of diffuse-porous species. These results indicate the order and time-lag of leaf and vessel formation. Ring-porous species showed intensive leaf/vessel production, whereas diffuse-porous species showed less intensive leaf/vessel production

成長錐を用いた木片試料採取法の検討 : 道管形成の季節変化を調べる観点から

Feature : Impact on Ashiu forest ecosystem due to dee

A Case of Dominant Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa with a G2043R Mutation in the Type VII Collagen Gene

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a subepidermal bulla, characterized by severe itching, lichenoid or nodular prurigo-like lesions, skin erosion, scars, milia, and nail dystrophy, resulting from COL7A1 mutation. Herein, we report a case of dominant DEB with a G2043R mutation in COL7A1

ナンショウカセイ デキストリン セッシュ ガ ケイウンドウジ ニオケル トウ シシツ タイシャ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

It has been reported that dextrin (DX) has an effect of inhibition from elevation of blood glucose concentration after taking a meal. A little increase of blood glucose concentration after the meal would not accelerate secretion of insulin from the pancreas, so that, the blood insulin concentration may not elevate so much after the meal. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of DX intake with light meal on carbohydrate and fat metabolism in light intensity exercise. Eight young male subjects participated in this study. They took the light meal one hour before exercise, and performed a 30-min exercise at light intensity of heart sound breaking point on a cycle ergometer under two conditions of taking the meal with and without DX. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, plasma lactate (LA), plasma glucose (BG) and plasma free fatty acid (FFA), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were determined at before meal, start of exercise after 60 minutes of taking the meal, midpoint of exercise (15-min point), end of exercise (30-min point) and recovery phase after 15 minutes from cessation of the exercise. Average heart rate were 126.3 (SD; 11.3) and 122.8 (10.1) bpm during exercises with and without DX, respectively (not significant). Oxygen consumptions were 1.18 (0.24) and 1.16 (0.22) 1/min during exercises with and without DX, respectively (not significant). LA showed same values (1.8 (0.6) mM) in both conditions (not significant). BG showed significantly low values in DX condition at start and end of exercise and recovery phase than that in non-DX condition. FFA showed also significantly low values in DX condition at start and end of exercise and recovery phase than that in non-DX condition. These results indicate that DX inhibit absorption of BG not only at rest but also during exercise, and intake of DX with a meal may affect to elevate FFA intake to active muscle during exercise

Training Learners to Negotiate for Meaning: An Exploratory Case Study

This paper reports on an exploratory case study investigatingthe possibility of training second language learners to beeffective interlocutors in second language learning tasks. Thestudy followed a pre-test, instruction, post-test design. Fourlearners completed a picture difference task, then receivedinstruction on negotiation for meaning, and finally completeda different version of the picture difference task. Learners alsoparticipated in stimulated recall sessions at each stage of theexperiment and completed a questionnaire at the end. Findingssuggest that learners are receptive to instruction on negotiation,that such instruction has the potential to enrich the quantityand quality of negotiation between learners, and thatinstruction on negotiation for meaning may also enhancelearners’ motivation for learning

Verification of Japanese language classes that foster logical thinking skills

In this study, based on the hypothesis that it is effective to develop logical thinking ability in the Japanese language department, we will examine the reading comprehension and instruction of "strategy" at low, middle and high levels. By conducting lessons based on these hypotheses, the types of logical thinking and the characteristics of developmental stages were clarified. One is logical thinking as a process of interpreting the logic contained in the content of the story. The other is the logic of linguistic expression, or logical thinking as a process of interpreting the narrator or author of a story

Characterization of the chromosomal inversion associated with the Koa mutation in the mouse revealed the cause of skeletal abnormalities

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Koala (<it>Koa</it>) is a dominant mutation in mice causing bushy muzzle and pinna, and is associated with a chromosomal inversion on the distal half of chromosome 15. To identify the gene responsible for the <it>Koa </it>phenotypes, we investigated phenotypes of <it>Koa </it>homozygous mice and determined the breakpoints of the inversion with a genetic method using recombination between two different chromosomal inversions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Skeletal preparation of <it>Koa </it>homozygotes showed marked deformity of the ribs and a wider skull with extended zygomatic arches, in addition to a general reduction in the lengths of long bones. They also had open eyelids at birth caused by a defect in the extension of eyelid anlagen during the embryonic stages. The proximal and distal breakpoints of the <it>Koa </it>inversion were determined to be 0.8-Mb distal to the <it>Trsps1 </it>gene and to 0.1-Mb distal to the <it>Hoxc4 </it>gene, respectively, as previously reported. The phenotypes of mice with the recombinant inverted chromosomes revealed the localization of the gene responsible the <it>Koa </it>phenotype in the vicinity of the proximal recombinant breakpoint. Expression of the <it>Trsps1 </it>gene in this region was significantly reduced in the <it>Koa </it>homozygous and heterozygous embryos.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>While no gene was disrupted by the chromosomal inversion, an association between the <it>Koa </it>phenotype and the proximal recombinant breakpoint, phenotypic similarities with <it>Trps1</it>-deficient mice or human patients with <it>TRSP1 </it>mutations, and the reduced expression of the <it>Trsps1 </it>gene in <it>Koa </it>mice, indicated that the phenotypes of the <it>Koa </it>mice are caused by the altered expression of the <it>Trps1 </it>gene.</p

Dual inhibition of TMPRSS2 and Cathepsin B prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in iPS cells

TMPRSS2とカテプシンBを標的とした新型コロナウイルスの感染阻害. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-10-21.A drug cocktail stops SARS-CoV-2 infection of stem cells. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-10-21.It has been reported that many receptors and proteases are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) is the most important of these receptors, little is known about the contribution of other genes. In this study, we examined the roles of neuropilin-1, basigin, transmembrane serine proteases (TMPRSSs), and cathepsins (CTSs) in SARS-CoV-2 infection using the CRISPR interference system and ACE2-expressing human iPS cells. Double-knockdown of TMPRSS2 and CTSB reduced the viral load to 0.036±0.021%. Consistently, the combination of the CTPB inhibitor CA-074 methyl ester and the TMPRSS2 inhibitor Camostat reduced the viral load to 0.0078±0.0057%. This result was confirmed using four SARS-CoV-2 variants (B.1.3, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.1.248). The simultaneous use of these two drugs reduced viral load to less than 0.01% in both female and male iPS cells. These findings suggest that compounds targeting TMPRSS2 and CTSB exhibit highly efficient antiviral effects independent of gender and SARS-CoV-2 variant

Identification of Marker Gene of Pars Tuberalis Morphogenesis in Chicken Embryo. The expression of Cytokine-like 1 and Gap junction protein alpha 5 in the pars tuberalis

Adenohypophysis delivered from oral ectoderm consists of pars distalis (PD), pars intermedia and pars tuberalis (PT). The mechanisms of development of PD has been well studied, and the cell differentiation of PD has been well understood. However, the morphogenesis and the differentiation of PT are still unclear, and the gene expression during the PT development remains largely unknown. In this study, we explored the specifically expressing genes in PT during development and analyzed its spatiotemporal expressions pattern. Microarray analysis on laser-captured PT and PD tissues obtained from chicken embryos on embryonic day 10 (E10.0) showed high expressing genes, Cytokine-like 1 (CYTL1) and Gap junction protein alpha 5 (GJA5) in PT. A detail analysis of spatiotemporal expressions pattern during chick embryo development by in situ hybridization revealed that CYTL1 mRNA was first detected in lateral head ectoderm and ventral head ectoderm in E1.5. The CYTL1 expressions moved into Rathke’s pouch at E2.5, then it was localized in PT primordium and continuously expressed in PT primordium until E12.0. On the other hand, GJA5 mRNA was transiently detected in PT primordium from E6 to E14.0, while the expression was not detected in PD during development. These results suggested that these genes may be involved in the regulation mechanism of PT development and could be a useful marker in the PT development