Squeezing at 946nm with periodically-poled KTiOPO_4

We report generation of squeezed vacuum in sideband modes of continuous-wave light at 946 nm using a periodically poled KTiOPO_4 crystal in an optical parametric oscillator. At the pump power of 250 mW, we observe the squeezing level of -5.6+/-0.1 dB and the anti-squeezing level of +12.7+/-0.1 dB. The pump power dependence of the observed squeezing/anti-squeezing levels agrees with the theoretically calculated values when the phase fluctuation of locking is taken into account.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Optics Letter

Direct Calculation of Thermodynamic Quantities for Heisenberg Model

The XXX Heisenberg model is studied at finite temperature. The free energy is derived without recourse to Thermal Bethe Ansatz method and Quantum Transfer Matrix method. The result perfectly agrees with the free energy derived by Thermal Bethe Ansatz method. An explicit expression of the cluster expansion coefficient in arbitrary order is presented for the first time.Comment: 26 page

Partial regularity and extension of solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations (Mathematical Analysis of Viscous Incompressible Fluid)

It is quite well-known that we cannot assure the existence of global-in-time solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations for large initial data, but we have local-in-time solutions at least. The purpose of this talk is to get another time extension criterion for that local-intime solution. Specifically, We work on smooth classical solutions which satisfy so called Leray-Hopf class on mathbb{R}^{n}times(0, T), and then establish an time-extension criterion beyond T by estimating a sort of Morrey type functional of solutions. A key idea here is to utilize the $epsilon$-regularity argument which has been the critical part of the theory of suitable weak solutions. We note that this article is based on the author s recent work [23] and also contains similar results for bounded domains

Quantum error correction beyond qubits

Quantum computation and communication rely on the ability to manipulate quantum states robustly and with high fidelity. Thus, some form of error correction is needed to protect fragile quantum superposition states from corruption by so-called decoherence noise. Indeed, the discovery of quantum error correction (QEC) turned the field of quantum information from an academic curiosity into a developing technology. Here we present a continuous-variable experimental implementation of a QEC code, based upon entanglement among 9 optical beams. In principle, this 9-wavepacket adaptation of Shor's original 9-qubit scheme allows for full quantum error correction against an arbitrary single-beam (single-party) error.Comment: realization of a Gaussian error correction protocol suitable for non-Gaussian error correctio

Differential genome-wide gene expression profiling of bovine largest and second-largest follicles: identification of genes associated with growth of dominant follicles

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bovine follicular development is regulated by numerous molecular mechanisms and biological pathways. In this study, we tried to identify differentially expressed genes between largest (F1) and second-largest follicles (F2), and classify them by global gene expression profiling using a combination of microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) analysis. The follicular status of F1 and F2 were further evaluated in terms of healthy and atretic conditions by investigating mRNA localization of identified genes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Global gene expression profiles of F1 (10.7 +/- 0.7 mm) and F2 (7.8 +/- 0.2 mm) were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis and expression profiles of 16 representative genes were confirmed by QPCR analysis. In addition, localization of six identified transcripts was investigated in healthy and atretic follicles using in situ hybridization. The healthy or atretic condition of examined follicles was classified by progesterone and estradiol concentrations in follicular fluid.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Hierarchical cluster analysis of microarray data classified the follicles into two clusters. Cluster A was composed of only F2 and was characterized by high expression of 31 genes including IGFBP5, whereas cluster B contained only F1 and predominantly expressed 45 genes including CYP19 and FSHR. QPCR analysis confirmed AMH, CYP19, FSHR, GPX3, PlGF, PLA2G1B, SCD and TRB2 were greater in F1 than F2, while CCL2, GADD45A, IGFBP5, PLAUR, SELP, SPP1, TIMP1 and TSP2 were greater in F2 than in F1. In situ hybridization showed that AMH and CYP19 were detected in granulosa cells (GC) of healthy as well as atretic follicles. PlGF was localized in GC and in the theca layer (TL) of healthy follicles. IGFBP5 was detected in both GC and TL of atretic follicles. GADD45A and TSP2 were localized in both GC and TL of atretic follicles, whereas healthy follicles expressed them only in GC.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We demonstrated that global gene expression profiling of F1 and F2 clearly reflected a difference in their follicular status. Expression of stage-specific genes in follicles may be closely associated with their growth or atresia. Several genes identified in this study will provide intriguing candidates for the determination of follicular growth.</p