Increase in TBARS in livers from <i>Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/−</i> mice.

<p>(A) Triglyceride, (B) Cholesterol, (C) Phospholipid and (D) TBARS content in livers from the four experimental groups. Lane 1, <i>Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/+</i> mice. Lane 2, <i>Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/−</i> mice. Lane 3, <i>Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/+</i> mice. Lane 4, <i>Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/−</i> mice. ^†<i>P</i><0.01 and ^§<i>P</i><0.001 <i>versus Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/+</i>, ^¶<i>P</i><0.001 <i>versus Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/−</i>, ^**<i>P</i><0.05 and ^††<i>P</i><0.001 <i>versus Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/+</i>. Values are given as means ± SEM of five animals.</p

Altered hepatic expression of lipid/lipoprotein metabolism-related genes in <i>Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/−</i> mice.

<p>Gene expression levels of (A) <i>ACC</i>, (B) <i>FAS</i>, (C) <i>SREBP1c</i>, (D) <i>SREBP2</i>, (E) <i>HMGCoAR</i>, (F) <i>PPAR</i>α, (G) <i>MCAD</i>, (H) <i>MTP</i>, (I) <i>ApoB100</i>, (J) <i>LDLR</i> (K) <i>VLDLR</i>, and (L) <i>CD36</i> in the livers. Lane 1: <i>Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/+</i>, lane 2: <i>Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/−</i>, lane 3: <i>Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/+</i> and lane 4: <i>Lepr^db/dbSmp30 ^Y/−</i> mice. mRNA for each gene was measured using real time RT-PCR and normalized to β-actin. The values from <i>Lepr^db/+ Smp30^Y/+</i> mice were assigned a relative value of 1.0. Values are given as means ± SEM of five animals. ^*<i>P</i><0.05, ^†<i>P</i><0.01 and ^§<i>P</i><0.001 <i>versus Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/+</i>, ^#<i>P</i><0.05, ^‡<i>P</i><0.01 and ^¶<i>P</i><0.001 <i>versus Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/−</i>, ^**<i>P</i><0.05 <i>versus Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/+</i>.</p

Increase in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in livers from <i>Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/−</i> mice.

<p>(A) Spliced XBP1 mRNA expression, (B) Phosphorylated eIF2α protein and (C) CHOP protein levels in livers from the four experimental groups. Values are given as means ± SEM of five animals. ^*<i>P</i><0.05, ^†<i>P</i><0.01 and ^§<i>P</i><0.001 <i>versus Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/+</i>, ^#<i>P</i><0.05 <i>versus Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/−</i>, ^**<i>P</i><0.05 <i>versus Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/+</i>.</p

Establishment of <i>Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/−</i> mice.

<p>(A) Generation of <i>Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/−</i> mice. F1 hybrid mice (in green boxes) were crossed to produce the experimental <i>Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/+</i>, <i>Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/−</i>, <i>Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/+</i> and <i>Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/−</i> mice (in red boxes). (B) Appearance of <i>Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/−</i> mice at 24 weeks of age. (C) Western blot analysis of SMP30 protein levels in livers from each experimental group at 24 weeks of age. (D) Vitamin C concentration in livers from each experimental group of mice at 24 weeks of age. Values are given as means ± SEM of five animals.</p

Physiological, blood and biochemical parameters in four experimetal groups of mice.

*<p><i>P</i><0.05,</p>†<p><i>P</i><0.01 and</p>§<p><i>P</i><0.001 <i>versus Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/+</i>.</p>#<p><i>P</i><0.05,</p>‡<p><i>P</i><0.01 and</p>¶<p><i>P</i><0.001 <i>versus Lepr^db/+Smp30^Y/−</i>.</p>**<p><i>P</i><0.05 <i>versus Lepr^db/dbSmp30^Y/+</i>.</p><p>Values are given as means ± SEM of five animals.</p

Primer sequences for use in real-time quantitative RT-PCR.

<p>Primer sequences for use in real-time quantitative RT-PCR.</p