RHIC-PHENIX 実験200GeV 金+金衝突における同種2粒子を用いた量子力学的干渉効果の反応平面依存性の測定

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Spin polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Polarization has opened a new physics chapter in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Since the first prediction and experimental observation of global spin polarization, a lot of progress has been made in understanding its features, both at experimental and theoretical level. In this paper, we give an overview on the recent advances in this field. The covered topics include a review of measurements of global and local spin polarization of hyperons and the global spin alignment of vector mesons. We account for the basic theoretical framework to describe spin polarization in a relativistic fluid such as the Quark Gluon Plasma, including statistical quantum field theory and local thermodynamic equilibrium, spin hydrodynamics, relativistic kinetic theory with spin and coalescence models.Comment: RevTeX 4, 41 pages, 12 figures, review article as a book chapter for QGP

Effect of intracellular free calcium mobilization on aggregation of umbilical cord blood platelets.

&#60;P&#62;Aggregation activity of platelets in umbilical blood is lower than that in adult blood, but the reason for this is not well understood. It has recently been clarified that calcium plays a role as a second messenger of platelet aggregation, and that glycoproteins of platelet surface membrane such as glycoprotein I b and IIb/IIIa are receptors for agonists inducing aggregation. We examined the concentrations of intracellular calcium and the membrane glycoproteins of platelets in umbilical and adult blood. The increase of intracellular calcium in umbilical platelets was lower than that in adult platelets when the aggregation was induced by ADP, collagen, thrombin and epinephrine. Only calcium ionophore A23187 induced aggregation of both umbilical and adult platelets. On the other hand, there were no qualitative differences between glycoproteins I b and IIb/IIIa of these two groups. Therefore, the low aggregation activity of umbilical platelets seems to be due to low responsiveness of the intracellular calcium system, not to the disorder of functional surface membrane glycoprotein.&#60;/P&#62;</p

Measurements of μμ pairs from open heavy flavor and Drell-Yan in p+p collisions at √s=200 GeV

PHENIX reports differential cross sections of μμ pairs from semileptonic heavy-flavor decays and the Drell-Yan production mechanism measured in p+p collisions at √s=200  GeV at forward and backward rapidity (1.2<|η|<2.2). The μμ pairs from c¯c, b¯b, and Drell-Yan are separated using a template fit to unlike- and like-sign muon pair spectra in mass and pT. The azimuthal opening angle correlation between the muons from c¯c and b¯b decays and the pair-pT distributions are compared to distributions generated using pythia and powheg models, which both include next-to-leading order processes. The measured distributions for pairs from c¯c are consistent with pythia calculations. The c¯c data present narrower azimuthal correlations and softer pT distributions compared to distributions generated from powheg. The b¯b data are well described by both models. The extrapolated total cross section for bottom production is 3.75±0.24(stat)±0.350.50(syst)±0.45(global)  [μb], which is consistent with previous measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in the same system at the same collision energy and is approximately a factor of 2 higher than the central value calculated with theoretical models. The measured Drell-Yan cross section is in good agreement with next-to-leading-order quantum-chromodynamics calculations

Measurement of charm and bottom production from semileptonic hadron decays in p+p collisions at √s=200 GeV

Measurements of the differential production of electrons from open-heavy-flavor hadrons with charm- and bottom-quark content in p+p collisions at √s=200  GeV are presented. The measurements proceed through displaced-vertex analyses of electron tracks from the semileptonic decay of charm and bottom hadrons using the PHENIX silicon-vertex detector. The relative contribution of electrons from bottom decays to inclusive heavy-flavor-electron production is found to be consistent with fixed-order-plus-next-to-leading-log perturbative-QCD calculations within experimental and theoretical uncertainties. These new measurements in p+p collisions provide a precision baseline for comparable forthcoming measurements in A+A collisions