277 research outputs found
Adenocarcinoma of Ascending Colon Associated with Sarcoid Reaction in Regional Lymph Nodes
Lymph node swelling in the setting of malignancy generally suggests metastasis of the primary tumor. A granulomatous reaction, i.e. sarcoid reaction, occurring within the lymph nodes draining carcinomas is a well-known but uncommon occurrence. The phenomenon is especially rarely seen in colon carcinoma. We herein report a rare case of a 56-year-old Japanese male with adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon associated with sarcoid reaction in the regional lymph nodes. A typical ileocecal resection and lymph node dissection were performed. Histopathological examination revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon, and the dissected lymph nodes included epithelioid granulomas with multinucleated giant cells. These findings suggest the existence of a sarcoid reaction associated with colon carcinoma; there was no metastasis in the dissected lymph nodes. The significance of this rare condition is discussed
Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography Screening Is Effective for Detecting Venous Thromboembolism not Prevented by Prophylaxis after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potential complication occurring after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We investigated the incidence of VTE after TKA using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), and assessed the efficacy of VTE prophylaxis (fondaparinux and enoxaparin). At our hospital, 189 patients (225 knees) underwent TKA between April 2007 and October 2011. The 225 knees were divided into a control group with no VTE prophylaxis (31 cases), a fondaparinux group (107 cases), and an enoxaparin group (87 cases). Contrast-enhanced CT screening for VTE was performed in all cases on day 5 or 6 after TKA. D-dimer levels were measured on day 5 after TKA, and were significantly lower in the fondaparinux (9.8±3.8) and enoxaparin groups (9.4±4.9) than in the control group (15.6±9.8) (p<0.001). However, no statistically significant difference in the incidence of VTE was observed among the groups (control, 61.3%;fondaparinux, 49.5%;enoxaparin, 50.6%). Prophylaxis was not effective for the prevention of VTE as detected by contrast-enhanced CT after TKA. CT should be performed after TKA, even when VTE prophylaxis is used
Expression analysis of three isoforms of hyaluronan synthase and hyaluronidase in the synovium of knees in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
Hyaluronan is a major molecule in joint fluid and plays a crucial role in joint motion and the maintenance of joint homeostasis. The concentration and average molecular weight of hyaluronan in the joint fluids are reduced in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we analyzed the message expression of three isoforms of hyaluronan synthase and hyaluronidase from knee synovium, using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Synovia were obtained from 17 patients with osteoarthritis, 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and 20 healthy control donors. The message expression of hyaluronan synthase-1 and -2 in the synovium of both types of arthritis was significantly less than in the control synovium, whereas that of hyaluronidase-2 in the synovium of both arthritides was significantly greater than in the control synovium. The decreased expression of the messages for hyaluronan synthase-1 and -2 and/or the increased expression of the message for hyaluronidase-2 may be reflected in the reduced concentration and decreased average molecular weight of hyaluronan in the joint fluids of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Aminothiolation of Aromatic and Aliphatic Alkenes with N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide and Thiols through Three-Component Radical Coupling
Copper-catalyzed regioselective aminothiolation of terminal and internal alkenes with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide and thiols has been developed. The three-component reaction is promoted by the addition of dimethyl sulfide. In addition to aromatic alkenes, aliphatic alkenes are subjected to the reaction, affording various aminothiolation adducts as single regioisomers. The radical process is proposed by preliminary mechanistic studies, involving radical trap and radical clock experiments
Knee Flexion-induced Translation of Pullout Sutures Used in the Repair of Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears
Medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) have recently attracted considerable interest in orthopedics. To date, no in vivo human study has investigated suture translation changes in repaired MMPRTs with different degrees of knee flexion. This study examined suture translation at various degrees of knee flexion in 30 patients undergoing medial meniscus posterior root repair using the modified Mason-Allen suture technique between August 2016 and September 2017. Intraoperatively, sutures were provisionally fixed to an isometric positioner at the tibial site of the desired meniscal attachment, and the suture translation was measured at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion. The results showed significant increases in mean suture translation at the knee flexion positions from 0° to 30°, 30° to 60°, and 60° to 90° (p<0.01 for all). Our findings indicate that surgeons should carefully assess the degree of knee flexion at the moment when the meniscus is refixed by surgical sutures
In vivo functional characterisation of pheromone binding protein-1 in the silkmoth, Bombyx mori
Male moths detect sex pheromones emitted by conspecific females with high sensitivity and specificity by the olfactory sensilla on their antennae. Pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) are highly enriched in the sensillum lymph of pheromone sensitive olfactory sensilla and are supposed to contribute to the sensitivity and selectivity of pheromone detection in moths. However, the functional role of PBPs in moth sex pheromone detection in vivo remains obscure. In the silkmoth, Bombyx mori, female moths emit bombykol as a single attractive sex pheromone component along with a small amount of bombykal that negatively modulates the behavioural responses to bombykol. A pair of olfactory receptor neurons, specifically tuned to bombykol or bombykal, co-localise in the trichodeum sensilla, the sensillum lymph of which contains a single PBP, namely, BmPBP1. We analysed the roles of BmPBP1 using BmPBP1-knockout silkmoth lines generated by transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated gene targeting. Electroantennogram analysis revealed that the peak response amplitudes of BmPBP1-knockout male antennae to bombykol and bombykal were significantly reduced by a similar percentage when compared with those of the wild-type males. Our results indicate that BmPBP1 plays a crucial role in enhancing the sensitivity, but not the selectivity, of sex pheromone detection in silkmoths
Arthroscopic scoring system of meniscal healing following medial meniscus posterior root repair
PURPOSE:
Medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) leads to a rapid degradation of articular cartilage. In the treatment of MMPRT, transtibial pullout repair demonstrates a high clinical survival rate. However, there is no reliable method to evaluate the meniscal healing after surgery. We propose an arthroscopic scoring system for evaluating the meniscal healing status. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between second-look arthroscopic scores and clinical outcomes after transtibial pullout repair.
METHODS:
Twenty patients who had MMPRTs underwent transtibial pullout repairs. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Japanese Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and pain score evaluated by visual analogue scale at preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. The healing status of repaired MM was assessed at one year post-operatively using a semi-quantitative arthroscopic scoring system (total, 10 points) composed of three evaluation criteria: (i) anteroposterior width of bridging tissues, (ii) stability of the MM posterior root, and (iii) synovial coverage of the sutures. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between second-look arthroscopic scores and clinical outcomes.
RESULTS:
Transtibial pullout repairs of MMPRTs significantly improved clinical evaluation scores at one year post-operatively. A median of second-look arthroscopic scores was 6.5 (5.75-8). A good correlation was observed between the arthroscopic score and KOOS quality of life (QOL) subscale. A moderate negative correlation between the arthroscopic score and pain score was observed.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrated that our semi-quantitative scoring system of meniscal healing correlated with the KOOS QOL subscale following MMPRT transtibial pullout repair. Our results suggest that the second-look arthroscopic score using this system may be a useful scale to determine and compare the healing status of the MM posterior root
Mycotic Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm Following Meningitis after Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery : Case Report and Review of the Literature
Mycotic intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) are rare infection-mediated arterial wall destructions that result in focal vessel weakness and dilatation. They commonly involve the anterior cerebral circulation, usually following hematogenous embolization from infective cardiac vegetation, and are associated with an elevated risk of rupture. MIAs arising from a posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) are uncommon, and those resulting from contiguous infections are extremely rare. Here, we present a case report and review the literature on rare MIAs involving the distal PICA segment following meningitis after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. A 75-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of progressive visual impairment of the left eye, for which initial cranial magnetic resonance imaging suggested optic perineuritis ; however, conservative management with high-dose steroid therapy did not improve the patient’s condition. He subsequently had biopsy, which confirmed an optic nerve sheath meningioma, for which optic nerve decompression via the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) and follow-up radiation therapy was done. He developed postoperative meningitis and subsequently had rupture of left PICA mycotic aneurysm (angiography done a month earlier demonstrated normal left PICA). Risk factors for meningitis were invasive cranial intervention, prolonged steroid use, and radiation therapy. Coil embolization was successfully performed ; however, the patient succumbed to irreversible herniation and infection. MIAs arising from the PICA following meningitis are rare, but complications following surgical intervention and rupture are associated with high morbidity and mortality. A high index of suspicion and early intervention before rupture may prevent poor outcomes.Article信州医学雑誌 71(6) : 415-422, (2023)journal articl
A Delayed Recrudescent Case of Sigmoidocutaneous Fistula due to Diverticulitis
Colocutaneous fistula caused by diverticulitis is relatively rare, and a delayed recrudescent case of colocutaneous fistula is very uncommon. We herein report a rare case of a Japanese 56-year-old male with delayed recrudescent sigmoidocutaneous fistula due to diverticulitis. A colocutaneous fistula was formed after a drainage operation against a perforation of the sigmoid colon diverticulum. After 5 years from treatment, he was admitted to our hospital because of lower abdominal pain. We diagnosed the recrudescent sigmoidocutaneous fistula by abdominal computed tomography and gastrografin enema, and managed the patient with total parenteral nutrition and antibiotics. As the fistula formation did not improve, a low anterior resection with fistulectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged. It has been reported that, in fistulas of the skin caused by diverticular disease, complete closure of the fistula by conservative therapy may not be possible. This case also implies the possibility of a recurrence of the fistula even if the conservative treatment was effective. In cases of colocutaneous fistulas due to diverticulitis, radical surgery is considered necessary because of possibility of recurrence of the fistula
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