Comparisons in baseline and 10-year prognosis between acute onset and nonacute onset in each categorical group.

<p>#: Chi-square test, ^□: ANCOVA, $: ANOVA <i>abbreviations</i>: y = years; m = months; d = days; number in parentheses indicates standard deviation.</p

Clinical characteristics at admission.

<p><b>a</b>: Rate of the number of patients with 5 or greater points in at least one positive symptoms item within disorganization, suspiciousness, delusion and unusual thought content, among each group.</p><p><b>b</b>: Rate of the number of patients with 5 or greater points in excitement item among each group.</p><p><b>c</b>: Number of patients who required sedation by injected drugs, including haloperidol and/or fulnitrazepam.</p><p>#: Chi-square test, ^□: Student t-test, <i>abbreviations</i>: y = years; m = months; number in parentheses indicates standard deviation.</p

Change in the GAF from treatment intervention to 10-year follow-up point in the 4 subgroups.

<p>A)*<i>P</i><.05 by ANCOVA, indicating lesser increase of GAF in the NonSC-nonacute-group than those in the SC-acute and SC-nonacute groups. # <i>P</i><.05, indicating significant difference in DUP between the two groups. $ <i>P</i><.05 by ANOVA, indicating a lower baseline GAF in the SC group than in the NonSC group. B) This table shows the same data as A), particular for DUP and GAF changes of participants, to support understanding of the manuscript and A). *<i>P</i><.05 by ANCOVA. C) Comparison in GAF changes between the acute onset and nonacute onset groups. *<i>P</i><.05 by ANCOVA.</p

Demographic data of subjects.

<p>Data show the mean ± SD. Figures in parenthesis represent the range.</p><p>WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organization Quality of Life-Short Version.</p><p>SASS: Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale, SIGH-D: 17 items of the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.</p>*<p>Student's t-test, ⁺Mann-Whitney's U-test.</p

Scatter plot of MMP-9 serum levels in patients with MDD and healthy controls.

<p>Serum levels of MMP-9 in patients with MDD did not differ from those of normal controls.</p

Relationships between MMP-9 serum levels and clinical variables in patients with MDD.

<p>(A): There was a significant negative correlation (ρ = −0.366, p = 0.002) between MMP-9 serum levels and WHOQOL-BREF scores. (B): There was a significant negative correlation (ρ = −0.355, p = 0.003) between MMP-9 serum levels and SASS scores. (C): There was a significant positive correlation (ρ = 0.397, p = 0.001) between MMP-9 serum levels and the SIGH-D score.</p

Scatter plot of proBDNF and mature BDNF serum levels in patients with MDD and healthy controls.

<p>(A): Serum levels of proBDNF in 20 patients with MDD and 29 healthy subjects were below the minimum detectable concentration (0.5 ng/mL) of the proBDNF ELISA kits. Serum levels of proBDNF in patients with MDD did not differ from those of normal controls. (B): In contrast, serum levels (21.09±5.60 ng/mL) of mature BDNF in patients with MDD, were significantly lower than those (23.11±5.90 ng/mL) of normal controls.</p

Relationships between clinical variables in patients with MDD.

<p>(A): There was a significant negative correlation (r = −0.705, p<0.001) between the SIGH-D score and WHOQOL-BREF score in patients. (B): There was a significant negative correlation (r = −0.579, p<0.001) between the SIGH-D and SASS scores in patients. (C): There was a positive correlation (r = 0.404, p = 0.001) between the CogState composite score and QOL score in patients. (D): There was a positive correlation (r = 0.371, p = 0.002) between the CogState composite score and SASS score in patients.</p