Space Demonstration of Two-Layer Pop-Up Origami Deployable Membrane Reflectarray Antenna by 3U CubeSat OrigamiSat-2

3U CubeSat OrigamiSat-2 demonstrates a 50-cm × 50-cm two-layer pop-up Origami deployable membrane reflectarray antenna in space. The membrane has small stowage volume and high gain even though it has low flatness because of a large enough antenna area to cover its un-flatness. C-band transmitter is equipped in the CubeSat and offers 20-Mbps amateur satellite communication. In 3U size, a 1-m length deployable gravity gradient mast and magnetic torquer are equipped to stabilize and control its attitude. A camera is attached to the satellite to measure the shape of the membrane antenna. OrigamiSat-2 was selected as the Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-4 by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and is going to be launched in 2024 by Epsilon Launch Vehicle

Anti-Tumor Effect against Human Cancer Xenografts by a Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody to a Variant 8-Epitope of CD44R1 Expressed on Cancer Stem Cells

BACKGROUND: CD44 is a major cellular receptor for hyaluronic acids. The stem structure of CD44 encoded by ten normal exons can be enlarged by ten variant exons (v1-v10) by alternative splicing. We have succeeded in preparing MV5 fully human IgM and its class-switched GV5 IgG monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizing the extracellular domain of a CD44R1 isoform that contains the inserted region coded by variant (v8, v9 and v10) exons and is expressed on the surface of various human epithelial cancer cells. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We demonstrated the growth inhibition of human cancer xenografts by a GV5 IgG mAb reshaped from an MV5 IgM. The epitope recognized by MV5 and GV5 was identified to a v8-coding region by the analysis of mAb binding to various recombinant CD44 proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GV5 showed preferential reactivity against various malignant human cells versus normal human cells assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistological analysis. When ME180 human uterine cervix carcinoma cells were subcutaneously inoculated to athymic mice with GV5, significant inhibition of tumor formation was observed. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injections of GV5markedly inhibited the growth of visible established tumors from HSC-3 human larynx carcinoma cells that had been subcutaneously transplanted one week before the first treatment with GV5. From in vitro experiments, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and internalization of CD44R1 seemed to be possible mechanisms for in vivo anti-tumor activity by GV5. CONCLUSIONS: CD44R1 is an excellent molecular target for mAb therapy of cancer, possibly superior to molecules targeted by existing therapeutic mAb, such as Trastuzumab and Cetuximab recognizing human epidermal growth factor receptor family

Fine specificity of a class-switched anti-CD44R1 fully human IgG mAb (GV5) revealed by FCM.

<p>GV5, Cetuximab and Trastuzumab were compared for the reactivity with HUVEC, NHEK and HCT116 by FCM (histograms) with an Accuri C6 flow cytometer (A). Reactivity of GV5 with various human cells was analyzed by FCM, and depicted as histograms (B) using a BD-LSR flow cytometer and as ΔMFI (C) using an Accuri C6 flow cytometer.</p

Internalization of CD44R1, CDC and ADCC by GV5 fully human mAb.

<p>(A) HSC3 cells were cultured with or without GV5 (10 µg/ml) for 12 h, and were immunostained with GV5 followed by FITC-conjugated donkey anti-human IgG (H+L). Cell-surface CD44R1 proteins in these cells were detected by FCM. Experiments were repeated three times, and similar results were obtained. (B) After HSC-3 cells and sera for complement and mAb were mixed and incubated in each well of U-bottomed 96-well plate for 1 h, DAPI was added to each well. Percentages of DAPI-stained cells (dead cells) were calculated by FCM. Experiments were repeated three times, and similar results were obtained. (C) HSC-3 cells (1.5×10⁵) were mixed with effector cells of splenocytes (3×10⁶ or 9×10⁶) from KNS nude mice, which were pre-cultured overnight with lL-2, with or without mAb, in each well of U-bottomed 96-well plate for 5 h, and PI was added to each well. Cytotoxicity was analyzed using an Accuri flow cytometer. <b>R1</b>, HSC3 human target cells; <b>R2</b>, mouse effector cells; <b>R3</b>, PI-stained dead cells in <b>R1</b>; <b>R4</b>, PI-unstained living cells in <b>R1</b>. (D) Cell death (%) of HSC-3 cells by mouse effector cells (E/T = 0, 20 or 60) with or without GV5 was plotted. E/T means effector to target ratio.</p